Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2010 Jan;98(1):47-56. doi: 10.1037/a0016563.
Although social support is related to substantial benefits for health and well-being, research has uncovered qualifications to its benefits. In a test of the psychological and biological impact of an audience on responses to laboratory stress challenges, 183 participants going through the Trier Social Stress Test experienced either (a) an unsupportive audience, (b) a supportive audience, or (c) no audience. Both audience conditions produced significantly stronger cortisol, heart rate, and blood pressure responses to the stress tasks, relative to the no-audience control, even though the supportive audience was rated as supportive. Contrary to hypotheses offered by several theories, these effects were not moderated by self-esteem, individual differences in psychological resources, or baseline social support. Psychological resources and baseline social support were, however, tied to more beneficial biological and psychological profiles at baseline and at recovery in some cases. It was concluded that when one must perform stressful tasks in front of an audience, evaluative concerns may outweigh the potential benefits of a supportive audience.
虽然社会支持与健康和幸福有很大关系，但研究也发现了其益处的一些限制。在一项关于观众对实验室压力挑战反应的心理和生理影响的测试中，183 名参与者经历了特里尔社会压力测试，他们分别处于以下三种情况：(a) 不支持的观众，(b) 支持的观众，或 (c) 没有观众。与没有观众的对照组相比，这两种观众条件都会导致皮质醇、心率和血压对压力任务的反应明显增强，尽管支持性观众的评价是支持的。与几个理论提出的假设相反，这些影响不受自尊、心理资源的个体差异或基线社会支持的调节。然而，在某些情况下，心理资源和基线社会支持与基线和恢复时更有益的生物和心理特征有关。结论是，当一个人必须在观众面前完成紧张的任务时，评估的担忧可能会超过支持性观众的潜在好处。
