Urban-Wojcik Emily J, Charles Susan T, Levine Linda J
Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA.
Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA.
Affect Sci. 2021 Sep 28;2(4):427-437. doi: 10.1007/s42761-021-00074-6. eCollection 2021 Dec.
Studies comparing the effects of positive and negative affect on psychological outcomes are limited by differences in the situations that evoke these states and in the resulting levels of arousal. In the present research, we adapted the speech portion of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) to create conditions with similar situational features that induce either positive, negative, or neutral affective states ( = 301). Pre-post emotion ratings showed that negative affect increased in the negative condition but decreased in the positive and neutral conditions. Positive affect increased in the positive condition, remained unchanged in the neutral condition, and decreased in the negative condition. Participants' post-speech ratings of their positive and negative emotions differed significantly between the positive and negative conditions, which has not been accomplished in previous attempts to create a non-stressful positive TSST. Importantly, participants in the positive and negative conditions did not differ in self-reported levels of arousal and showed similar changes in mean arterial pressure across the speech period, although heart rate was relatively higher during the speech for participants in the negative compared to positive and neutral conditions. Findings demonstrate the effectiveness of a modified TSST for inducing positive affect with similar levels of emotional arousal to the traditional negative TSST.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-021-00074-6.
比较积极和消极情绪对心理结果影响的研究受到引发这些情绪的情境差异以及由此产生的唤醒水平差异的限制。在本研究中，我们改编了特里尔社会应激测试（TSST）的言语部分，以创造具有相似情境特征的条件，诱导积极、消极或中性情绪状态（n = 301）。情绪前后评分显示，消极情绪在消极条件下增加，但在积极和中性条件下减少。积极情绪在积极条件下增加，在中性条件下保持不变，在消极条件下减少。参与者在积极和消极条件下对其积极和消极情绪的言语后评分存在显著差异，这在以往创建无压力积极TSST的尝试中尚未实现。重要的是，积极和消极条件下的参与者在自我报告的唤醒水平上没有差异，并且在整个言语期间平均动脉压显示出相似的变化，尽管与积极和中性条件下的参与者相比，消极条件下的参与者在言语期间心率相对较高。研究结果表明，改良后的TSST在诱导积极情绪方面是有效的，其情绪唤醒水平与传统的消极TSST相似。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s42761-021-00074-6获取的补充材料。
