Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6968, USA.
Schizophr Res. 2010 Jul;120(1-3):113-20. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2009.12.004. Epub 2010 Jan 6.
Whether avoidant personality disorder symptoms are related to neurocognitive impairments that aggregate in relatives of schizophrenics is unknown. We report the relationship between avoidant personality disorder symptoms and neurocognitive performance in the first-degree relatives of probands with schizophrenia. 367 first-degree relatives of probands with schizophrenia and 245 relatives of community controls were interviewed for the presence of avoidant personality symptoms and symptoms of paranoid and schizotypal personality disorders and administered neurocognitive measures. Relationships between neurocognitive measures and avoidant symptoms were analyzed using linear mixed models. Avoidant dimensional scores predicted performance on the span of apprehension (SPAN), 3-7 Continuous Performance Test (3-7 CPT), and Trail Making Test (TMT-B) in schizophrenia relatives. These relationships remained significant on the SPAN even after adjustment for paranoid or schizotypal dimensional scores and on the TMT-B after adjustment for paranoid dimensional scores. Moreover, in a second set of analyses comparing schizophrenia relatives to controls there were significant or trending differences in the degree of the relationship between avoidant symptoms and each of these neurocognitive measures even after adjustments for paranoid and schizotypal dimensional scores. The substantial correlation between avoidant and schizotypal symptoms suggests that these personality disorders are not independent. Avoidant and in some cases schizotypal dimensional scores are significant predictors of variability in these neurocognitive measures. In all analyses, higher levels of avoidant symptoms were associated with worse performance on the neurocognitive measures in relatives of schizophrenia probands. These results support the hypothesis that avoidant personality disorder may be a schizophrenia spectrum phenotype.
是否回避型人格障碍症状与精神分裂症患者亲属中聚集的神经认知障碍有关尚不清楚。我们报告了精神分裂症患者一级亲属中回避型人格障碍症状与神经认知表现之间的关系。对 367 名精神分裂症患者一级亲属和 245 名社区对照者进行了访谈，以了解他们是否存在回避型人格障碍症状和偏执型及分裂型人格障碍症状，并进行了神经认知测试。使用线性混合模型分析了神经认知测试与回避症状之间的关系。回避维度得分预测了精神分裂症患者亲属在领悟跨度测试（SPAN）、3-7 连续性能测试（3-7 CPT）和连线测试 B（TMT-B）上的表现。在调整了偏执维度得分后，SPAN 上的这些关系仍然显著，在调整了偏执维度得分后，TMT-B 上的关系仍然显著。此外，在对精神分裂症患者亲属与对照组进行的第二组分析中，即使在调整了偏执和分裂型维度得分后，回避症状与这些神经认知测试之间的关系程度仍存在显著或趋势性差异。回避和分裂型症状之间的显著相关性表明这些人格障碍并非独立存在。回避和在某些情况下分裂型维度得分是这些神经认知测试中变异性的重要预测因素。在所有分析中，回避症状水平越高，精神分裂症患者一级亲属的神经认知测试表现越差。这些结果支持了回避型人格障碍可能是精神分裂症谱系表型的假说。
