Agitation in the demented patient. A framework for management.

The inability to manage agitation has led to institutionalization of the patient by the family, overuse of physical restraints, and inappropriate use of psychotropic medication, all of which confound the behavior of the demented individual. It is not only the behavior of the patient but also the interpretation of that behavior that is critically important in the successful management of agitation. Caregivers must be careful to assess their own reactions and responses to patient behaviors before actions are taken that may not lessen agitation but increase the frequency and intensity of patient action.