Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Pl M Sklodowskiej-Curie 2, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
J Hazard Mater. 2010 May 15;177(1-3):57-69. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.12.043. Epub 2009 Dec 16.
The review presents various techniques of regeneration of spent pickling solutions, including the methods with acid recovery, such as diffusion dialysis, electrodialysis, membrane electrolysis and membrane distillation, evaporation, precipitation and spray roasting as well as those with acid and metal recovery: ion exchange, retardation, crystallization solvent and membrane extraction. Advantages and disadvantages of the techniques are presented, discussed and confronted with the best available techniques requirements. Most of the methods presented meet the BAT requirements. The best available techniques are electrodialysis, diffusion dialysis and crystallization; however, in practice spray roasting and retardation/ion-exchange are applied most frequently for spent pickling solution regeneration. As "waiting for their chance" solvent extraction, non-dispersive solvent extraction and membrane distillation should be indicated because they are well investigated and developed. Environmental and economic benefits of the methods presented in the review depend on the cost of chemicals and wastewater treatment, legislative regulations and cost of modernization of existing technologies or implementation of new ones.
本文综述了各种废酸再生技术，包括酸回收方法，如扩散渗析、电渗析、膜电解和膜蒸馏、蒸发、沉淀和喷雾焙烧，以及酸和金属回收方法：离子交换、阻滞、结晶溶剂和膜萃取。本文介绍、讨论并比较了各种技术的优缺点，以满足最佳可行技术要求。所提出的大多数方法都符合 BAT 要求。最佳可行技术是电渗析、扩散渗析和结晶；然而，在实践中，喷雾焙烧和阻滞/离子交换最常用于废酸再生。溶剂萃取、非分散溶剂萃取和膜蒸馏作为“等待机会”的技术也应该被提及，因为它们已经得到了很好的研究和开发。本文综述的方法的环境和经济效益取决于化学品和废水处理的成本、立法法规以及现有技术的现代化成本或新的技术的采用。
