Research and Innovation Group in Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University, Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Infant Behav Dev. 2010 Feb;33(1):61-7. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2009.11.007. Epub 2010 Jan 13.
Coordinating sucking, swallowing and breathing to achieve effective sucking is a complex process and even though sucking is essential for nutrition, little is known about sucking patterns after birth. Our objective was to study sucking patterns in healthy fullterm infants and to describe the age-specific variations.
We studied the sucking patterns of 30 healthy, fullterm infants longitudinally from 2 or 3 days after birth to 10 weeks of age. During this time we recorded five to seven feeding episodes that we assessed off-line with the Neonatal Oral-Motor Assessment Scale (NOMAS).
We found a normal sucking pattern on the second or third day after birth in 27 out of 30 infants. During the following weeks we found abnormal sucking patterns in 23 out of 171 feeding episodes (14%) and normal patterns in 148 episodes (86%). Altogether, between 38 and 50 weeks' postmenstrual age (10 weeks after birth), 10 infants displayed a deviating, arrhythmical sucking pattern. Dysfunctional sucking patterns and problems of coordinating sucking, swallowing and breathing did not occur. Birth weight, gestational age, type of labour and gender did not influence sucking patterns. Arrhythmical sucking was seen more often in bottle-fed infants.
Our study demonstrated that practically all healthy fullterm infants started off with a normal sucking pattern soon after birth. One-third of the infants displayed one or more deviating episodes up to the age of 10 weeks. Apart from bottle-feeding, no other factors were found that influenced sucking patterns.
协调吸吮、吞咽和呼吸以实现有效吸吮是一个复杂的过程，尽管吸吮对于营养至关重要，但对于出生后的吸吮模式知之甚少。我们的目的是研究健康足月婴儿的吸吮模式，并描述特定年龄的变化。
我们对 30 名健康、足月的婴儿进行了纵向研究，从出生后 2 或 3 天到 10 周龄。在此期间，我们使用新生儿口腔运动评估量表（NOMAS）记录了 5 到 7 次喂养。
我们发现 30 名婴儿中有 27 名在出生后第 2 或第 3 天出现正常吸吮模式。在接下来的几周里，我们在 171 次喂养中发现了 23 次异常吸吮模式（14%），148 次正常吸吮模式（86%）。总共在 38 到 50 周的胎龄（出生后 10 周）之间，有 10 名婴儿出现了异常的、节律紊乱的吸吮模式。没有出现功能障碍的吸吮模式和协调吸吮、吞咽和呼吸的问题。出生体重、胎龄、分娩类型和性别都没有影响吸吮模式。节律紊乱的吸吮模式在奶瓶喂养的婴儿中更为常见。
我们的研究表明，实际上所有健康的足月婴儿在出生后不久就开始出现正常的吸吮模式。三分之一的婴儿在 10 周龄之前出现了一次或多次异常吸吮。除了奶瓶喂养外，没有发现其他因素影响吸吮模式。
