Howe Tsu-Hsin, Sheu Ching-Fan, Hinojosa Jim, Lin Jing, Holzman Ian R
Department of Occupational Therapy, New York University, New York, USA.
Nurs Res. 2007 Sep-Oct;56(5):307-11. doi: 10.1097/01.NNR.0000289498.99542.dd.
A great deal of attention has focused on understanding preterm infant feeding behaviors and on strategies to support the preterm infant during this period; however, comprehensive descriptions of the feeding behavior of preterm infants that incorporate an examination of multiple subsystem levels are lacking.
To examine various physical indicators related to preterm infants' bottle-feeding performance.
This was a retrospective, descriptive, exploratory study using a convenience sample. Medical records of 116 preterm infants were reviewed from the initiation of bottle-feeding until discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit. This study examined bottle-feeding performance (volume intake in milliliters per minute) as well as postmenstrual age, weight at each observed feed, oral motor skills, signs of distress, feeding techniques, feeding experience, gender, and Apgar scores at 5 minutes. Oral motor skills were measured by the Neonatal Oral Motor Assessment Scale.
Linear mixed-effects models were used to examine the relationship between bottle-feeding performance and the remaining variables. Postmenstrual age, weight at each observed feed, oral motor skills, feeding experience, and feeding techniques were found to be significant predictors of feeding performance at the .05 level.
Multiple factors, both intrinsic and extrinsic, play a role in determining an infant's bottle-feeding performance. In addition to age and weight, the presently employed conventional criteria, oral motor skills, feeding practice, and feeding techniques also contribute to infants' feeding performance. Arbitrary age (34 weeks gestational age) and weight criteria (1,500 g) should not be the only indicators for oral feeding.
大量关注集中在理解早产儿的喂养行为以及在此期间支持早产儿的策略上；然而，缺乏对早产儿喂养行为的全面描述，其中包括对多个子系统水平的检查。
研究与早产儿奶瓶喂养表现相关的各种身体指标。
这是一项回顾性、描述性、探索性研究，采用便利样本。回顾了116名早产儿从开始奶瓶喂养到从新生儿重症监护病房出院的病历。本研究考察了奶瓶喂养表现（每分钟摄入量毫升数）以及孕龄、每次观察喂养时的体重、口腔运动技能、窘迫迹象、喂养技巧、喂养经验、性别和5分钟时的阿氏评分。口腔运动技能通过新生儿口腔运动评估量表进行测量。
使用线性混合效应模型来研究奶瓶喂养表现与其余变量之间的关系。发现孕龄、每次观察喂养时的体重、口腔运动技能、喂养经验和喂养技巧在0.05水平上是喂养表现的显著预测因素。
多种内在和外在因素在决定婴儿的奶瓶喂养表现中起作用。除了年龄和体重外，目前采用的传统标准、口腔运动技能、喂养实践和喂养技巧也有助于婴儿的喂养表现。任意的年龄（孕34周）和体重标准（1500克）不应是经口喂养的唯一指标。
