ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, 1156 15th Street, NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20005, USA.
Aquat Toxicol. 2010 Apr 15;97(2):79-87. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.12.008. Epub 2009 Dec 16.
Animal alternatives research has historically focused on human safety assessments and has only recently been extended to environmental testing. This is particularly for those assays that involve the use of fish. A number of alternatives are being pursued by the scientific community including the fish embryo toxicity (FET) test, a proposed replacement alternative to the acute fish test. Discussion of the FET methodology and its application in environmental assessments on a global level was needed. With this emerging issue in mind, the ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) and the European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC) held an International Workshop on the Application of the Fish Embryo Test as an Animal Alternative Method in Hazard and Risk Assessment and Scientific Research in March, 2008. The workshop included approximately 40 scientists and regulators representing government, industry, academia, and non-governmental organizations from North America, Europe, and Asia. The goal was to review the state of the science regarding the investigation of fish embryonic tests, pain and distress in fish, emerging approaches utilizing fish embryos, and the use of fish embryo toxicity test data in various types of environmental assessments (e.g., hazard, risk, effluent, and classification and labeling of chemicals). Some specific key outcomes included agreement that risk assessors need fish data for decision-making, that extending the FET to include eluethereombryos was desirable, that relevant endpoints are being used, and that additional endpoints could facilitate additional uses beyond acute toxicity testing. The FET was, however, not yet considered validated sensu OECD. An important action step will be to provide guidance on how all fish tests can be used to assess chemical hazard and to harmonize the diverse terminology used in test guidelines adopted over the past decades. Use of the FET in context of effluent assessments was considered and it is not known if fish embryos are sufficiently sensitive for consideration as a surrogate to the sub-chronic 7-day larval fish growth and survival test used in the United States, for example. Addressing these needs by via workshops, research, and additional data reviews were identified for future action by scientists and regulators.
动物替代研究历来侧重于人类安全性评估，直到最近才扩展到环境测试。这尤其适用于那些涉及鱼类使用的测试。科学界正在寻求许多替代方法，包括鱼类胚胎毒性（FET）测试，这是一种替代急性鱼类测试的建议替代方法。需要讨论 FET 方法及其在全球环境评估中的应用。考虑到这一新兴问题，国际生命科学学会联合会（ILSI）健康与环境科学研究所（HESI）和欧洲化学品生态毒理学和毒理学中心（ECETOC）于 2008 年 3 月举办了一次关于应用鱼类胚胎测试作为危害和风险评估及科学研究中的动物替代方法的国际研讨会。该研讨会约有 40 名来自北美、欧洲和亚洲的政府、工业、学术界和非政府组织的科学家和监管人员参加。会议的目的是审查有关鱼类胚胎测试研究、鱼类的疼痛和痛苦、利用鱼类胚胎的新兴方法以及在各种类型的环境评估（如危害、风险、废水和化学品的分类和标签）中使用鱼类胚胎毒性测试数据的科学现状。一些具体的关键成果包括：风险评估人员需要鱼类数据来做出决策；将 FET 扩展到包括暴露胚胎是可取的；正在使用相关终点；并且可以使用更多的终点来促进急性毒性测试以外的更多用途。FET 尚未被认为是 OECD 意义上的验证。一个重要的行动步骤将是提供如何使用所有鱼类测试来评估化学危害的指导，并协调过去几十年采用的测试指南中使用的多样化术语。FET 用于废水评估的情况也被考虑在内，例如，尚不清楚鱼类胚胎是否足够敏感，可以考虑替代美国使用的亚慢性 7 天幼鱼生长和生存测试。通过研讨会、研究和进一步的数据审查来满足这些需求，以供科学家和监管人员采取未来行动。
