Lammer E, Kamp H G, Hisgen V, Koch M, Reinhard D, Salinas E R, Wendler K, Zok S, Braunbeck Th
Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Department of Zoology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Toxicol In Vitro. 2009 Oct;23(7):1436-42. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.05.014. Epub 2009 May 30.
The acute fish test is still a mandatory component in chemical hazard and risk assessment. However, one of the objectives of the new European chemicals policy (REACH - Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals) is to promote non-animal testing. For whole effluent testing in Germany, the fish embryo toxicity test (FET) with the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been an accepted and mandatory replacement of the fish test since January 2005. For chemical testing, however, further optimization of the FET is required to improve the correlation between the acute fish test and the alternative FET. Since adsorption of the test chemical to surfaces may reduce available exposure concentrations, a flow-through system for the FET using modified commercially available polystyrene 24-well microtiter plates was developed, thus combining the advantages of the standard FET with those of continuous delivery of test substances. The advantages of the design presented include: small test footprint, availability of adequate volumes of test solution for subsequent chemical analysis, and sufficient flow to compensate for effects of non-specific adsorption within 24h. The flow-through test system can also be utilized to conduct longer-term embryo larval fish tests, thus offering the possibility for teratogenicity testing.
急性鱼类试验仍是化学物质危害和风险评估中的一项强制性内容。然而，欧洲新的化学品政策（REACH——化学品注册、评估、授权和限制）的目标之一是推广非动物试验。在德国进行全废水测试时，自2005年1月起，斑马鱼（Danio rerio）的鱼类胚胎毒性试验（FET）已成为鱼类试验可接受的强制性替代方法。然而，对于化学物质测试，需要对FET进行进一步优化，以提高急性鱼类试验与替代FET之间的相关性。由于测试化学品在表面的吸附可能会降低有效暴露浓度，因此开发了一种使用改良的市售聚苯乙烯24孔微量滴定板的FET流通系统，从而将标准FET的优点与持续输送测试物质的优点结合起来。所提出的设计的优点包括：测试占地面积小、有足够体积的测试溶液用于后续化学分析，以及有足够的流量在24小时内补偿非特异性吸附的影响。流通测试系统还可用于进行长期的胚胎幼体鱼类试验，从而为致畸性测试提供了可能性。
