Palmer Steven
Department of History, University of Windsow, Canada.
Bull Hist Med. 2009 Winter;83(4):676-709. doi: 10.1353/bhm.0.0292.
This article proposes a global history of hookworm disease based on the main scientific publications on hookworm disease (ankylostomiasis) in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and archival sources from the Rockefeller Foundation's International Health Board. The location of hookworm research is explained by the presence of large concentrations of migrant laborers who suffered from serious hookworm disease in frontier regions during the second industrial revolution. This hookworm disease pandemic was not the result of a linear spread of infection. The extraordinary labor conditions in these regions created ideal ecologies for the reproduction of the parasite, leading to levels of infection that produced ankylostomiasis. The major findings in hookworm science came from research-oriented physicians building new institutions of medical science in peripheral nation-states. In a number of Latin American states their work led to treatment programs conceived in national terms that preceded the interest of Rockefeller philanthropy in the disease. The Rockefeller Foundation incorporated these programs in order to launch its International Health hookworm eradication program in 1914.
本文基于19世纪末20世纪初关于钩虫病（钩虫感染症）的主要科学出版物以及洛克菲勒基金会国际卫生委员会的档案资料，提出了钩虫病的全球史。钩虫研究的地点可由大量移民劳工的存在来解释，这些劳工在第二次工业革命期间的边境地区患有严重的钩虫病。这场钩虫病大流行并非感染线性传播的结果。这些地区特殊的劳动条件为寄生虫的繁殖创造了理想的生态环境，导致了产生钩虫感染症的感染水平。钩虫科学的主要发现来自于在周边民族国家建立新医学机构的研究型医生。在一些拉丁美洲国家，他们的工作促成了从国家层面构思的治疗项目，这些项目早于洛克菲勒慈善机构对该病的关注。洛克菲勒基金会将这些项目纳入其中，以便在1914年启动其国际卫生钩虫根除计划。
