Aristakesian E A
Zh Evol Biokhim Fiziol. 2009 Nov-Dec;45(6):598-611.
This work deals the comparative behavioral, somatosensor and neurophysiological characteristics of these forms of passive defensive behavior included in amphibian's sleep-wakefulness cycle and their developmental dynamics in the ascending vertebrates secale. Sleep formation in early postnatal ontogenesis of mature- and immature-born mammals - from undifferent sleep to the mature sleep divided into two phases as well as stress formation are considered in parallel. Comparative phylo-, and ontogenetic analysis of several aspects of stress-reactions, sleep, and immobility phenomenon of cataleptic type allows concluding that amphibians and reptilians catalepsy can be interpreted as preadaptive from of behavior underlying in the stress of homoeothermic animals. Another word, the cataleptic state can be considered as the homologic state of stress-reaction. Catalepsy is the genetically programmed state of poykilothermic animals characterized by comparatively high alertness of animal, its freezing in immobile but active posture with a possibility of fast exit into waking state and alongside with other somatosensor and neurophysiological characteristics determines the entire subsequent complex of evolutionary morphofunctional, neurophysiological and hormonal changes in nomoyptherms. This in many aspects unspecific behavioral adaptive reaction in poykilotherms is realized on the corresponding hormonal and neurophysiological levels of development and promotes to fast mobilization and stabilization their homeostasis. At the higher evolutionary scale after development of most brain neurotransmitter and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal systems the leading role in stress regulation begins to be predominent the hormonal reaction. Only in the alertness phase of stress-reaction the elements of activation of extrapyramidal regulatory system of locomotion are observed. This is manifested by the cateleptic immobility. Thus the stress as the general adaptational syndrome reflects the evolutionary regularities of development of specific functions supporting the total homeostasis. The scheme of evolution of sleep-wakefulness cycle in vertebrates is presented; according to it, the immobility state of cataleptic type on one hand may to considered as a part of wakefulness providing mainly specific elements of stress-reaction, while on other hand it is a certain step of inhibitory processes in CNS for subsequent involvement of sleep-regulatory systems for the compensation and maintenance of recovery reactions.
这项工作研究了两栖动物睡眠-觉醒周期中这些被动防御行为形式的比较行为、躯体感觉和神经生理特征，以及它们在脊椎动物进化过程中的发育动态。同时考虑了成熟和未成熟出生的哺乳动物出生后早期个体发育中的睡眠形成——从未分化睡眠到分为两个阶段的成熟睡眠，以及应激形成。对惊厥型应激反应、睡眠和不动现象的几个方面进行比较系统发育和个体发育分析，可以得出结论：两栖动物和爬行动物的僵住症可以被解释为恒温动物应激中潜在行为的预适应形式。换句话说，僵住状态可以被视为应激反应的同源状态。僵住症是变温动物的遗传编程状态，其特征是动物具有较高的警觉性，以不动但活跃的姿势冻结，有可能快速进入清醒状态，并与其他躯体感觉和神经生理特征一起决定了变温动物随后整个进化形态功能、神经生理和激素变化的复合体。这种变温动物在许多方面非特异性的行为适应性反应在相应的激素和神经生理发育水平上得以实现，并促进其体内平衡的快速动员和稳定。在大多数脑神经递质和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺系统发育后的更高进化尺度上，激素反应在应激调节中开始起主导作用。只有在应激反应的警觉阶段，才会观察到运动锥体外系调节系统激活的元素。这表现为僵住不动。因此，应激作为一般适应综合征反映了支持整体体内平衡的特定功能发展的进化规律。文中给出了脊椎动物睡眠-觉醒周期的进化示意图；据此，惊厥型的不动状态一方面可被视为清醒的一部分，主要提供应激反应的特定元素，而另一方面，它是中枢神经系统抑制过程的一个特定步骤，以便随后睡眠调节系统参与补偿和维持恢复反应。
