Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Am Psychol. 2010 Jan;65(1):34-49. doi: 10.1037/a0017330.
The goal of this article is to delineate training implications regarding harmful effects associated with psychotherapy. The authors strongly recommend that trainees be made aware of (and encouraged to examine carefully) the potentially harmful treatments that have been recently identified (Lilienfeld, 2007). Consistent with a broad perspective on evidence-based practice, it is also argued that additional guidelines for the prevention and repair of harmful impacts can be derived from psychotherapy research on process (technique and relationship) and participant (client and therapist) variables. For example, rigid adherence to the application of psychotherapy techniques can be a potentially harmful therapist behavior that necessitates careful training on the nature and flexible use of interventions. Furthermore, the authors suggest that trainers and supervisors tentatively consider training implications linked to clinical observations and theoretical assertions, such as the premature use of clinical interpretations, with the assumption that more confidence in such therapeutic guidelines can be gained when they are supported by multiple knowledge sources (empirical, clinical, conceptual). Finally, training implications related to the monitoring of harmful effects in terms of treatment outcome and process are demarcated.
本文的目的在于阐述与心理治疗相关的不良效应的培训意义。作者强烈建议培训生了解（并鼓励其仔细检查）最近确定的潜在有害治疗方法（Lilienfeld，2007）。与循证实践的广泛观点一致，还可以从心理治疗过程（技术和关系）和参与者（客户和治疗师）变量方面的研究中推导出预防和修复不良影响的其他指南。例如，严格坚持应用心理治疗技术可能是一种潜在的有害治疗师行为，这需要对干预措施的性质和灵活使用进行仔细培训。此外，作者建议培训师和主管人员暂时考虑与临床观察和理论假设相关的培训意义，例如过早使用临床解释，并假设当这些治疗指南得到多个知识来源（经验、临床、概念）的支持时，会对其更有信心。最后，本文还划定了在治疗结果和过程方面监测不良效应的培训意义。
