Health Effects Research Group, Japan Automobile Research Institute, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki, Japan.
Inhal Toxicol. 2010 Mar;22(4):309-20. doi: 10.3109/08958370903307652.
Short-term inhalation experiments were performed using Fischer 344 rats exposed to emission from the urea selective catalytic reduction (SCR) diesel engine system to identify health effects and compare them to those of the conventional diesel engine system. Rats were exposed to high-, middle-, or low-concentration emission (dilution ratio 1:29, 1:290, or 1:580) or clean air (control) for 1, 3, or 7 days (6 h/day), under driving conditions at a speed of 1320 rpm and a torque of 840 Nm. For the high-concentration group, the major components of the urea SCR emission were 0.04 mg/m(3) particulate matter (PM) and 0.78 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)); those of the conventional emission were 0.95 mg/m(3) PM and 0.31 ppm NO(2). The authors evaluated the respiratory effects of each emission on rats. Lymphocytes for 3-day exposure of both emissions significantly increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, but there were slight differences. With an increase in potential antioxidant (PAO), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine for the urea SCR emission was significantly decreased, but that of the conventional emission was highest among all groups and did not show a response to PAO. In lungs, heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNA expressions for the urea SCR emission showed a tendency to increase compared to those of the conventional emission. Thus, gene analysis results suggested that NO(2) from the urea SCR emission affected the expressions of mRNAs in lungs. However, as a whole, the results suggested that the health effects of the urea SCR emission might be less than the conventional emission on rats.
采用 Fischer 344 大鼠进行短期吸入实验，使其暴露于尿素选择性催化还原（SCR）柴油机系统的排放物中，以确定健康影响，并将其与传统柴油机系统进行比较。大鼠暴露于高、中、低浓度排放物（稀释比为 1:29、1:290 或 1:580）或清洁空气（对照）中 1、3 或 7 天（每天 6 小时），在 1320 rpm 转速和 840 Nm 扭矩下进行驾驶条件下。对于高浓度组，尿素 SCR 排放的主要成分是 0.04 mg/m(3)颗粒物（PM）和 0.78 ppm 二氧化氮（NO(2)）；传统排放物的主要成分是 0.95 mg/m(3)PM 和 0.31 ppm NO(2)。作者评估了两种排放物对大鼠呼吸的影响。两种排放物的 3 天暴露均使支气管肺泡灌洗液中的淋巴细胞显著增加，但差异不大。随着潜在抗氧化剂（PAO）的增加，尿素 SCR 排放物中的 8-羟基-2'-脱氧鸟苷显著减少，但在所有组中最高，对 PAO 没有反应。在肺部，尿素 SCR 排放物的血红素加氧酶（HO）-1 和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α mRNA 表达与传统排放物相比呈增加趋势。因此，基因分析结果表明，尿素 SCR 排放物中的 NO(2)影响肺部 mRNA 的表达。然而，总的来说，结果表明，尿素 SCR 排放物对大鼠的健康影响可能小于传统排放物。
