Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Microbiology, 701 W 168th Street, New York 10032, USA.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2009 Jul;1(1):a001347. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a001347.
For cell morphogenesis, the cell must establish distinct spatial domains at specified locations at the cell surface. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of cell polarity in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. These are simple rod-shaped cells that form cortical domains at cell tips for cell growth and at the cell middle for cytokinesis. In both cases, microtubule-based systems help to shape the cell by breaking symmetry, providing endogenous spatial cues to position these sites. The plus ends of dynamic microtubules deliver polarity factors to the cell tips, leading to local activation of the GTPase cdc42p and the actin assembly machinery. Microtubule bundles contribute to positioning the division plane through the nucleus and the cytokinesis factor mid1p. Recent advances illustrate how the spatial and temporal regulation of cell polarization integrates many elements, including historical landmarks, positive and negative controls, and competition between pathways.
对于细胞形态发生，细胞必须在细胞表面的特定位置建立不同的空间区域。在这里，我们回顾裂殖酵母 Schizosaccharomyces pombe 中细胞极性的分子机制。这些是简单的杆状细胞，在细胞尖端形成皮质区域以促进细胞生长，在细胞中部形成皮质区域以进行胞质分裂。在这两种情况下，基于微管的系统通过打破对称性帮助塑造细胞，为这些位点提供内源性空间线索。动态微管的正极将极性因子输送到细胞尖端，导致 GTPase cdc42p 和肌动蛋白组装机制的局部激活。微管束通过核和胞质分裂因子 mid1p 有助于定位分裂平面。最近的进展说明了细胞极性的时空调节如何整合许多元素，包括历史地标、正、负控制以及途径之间的竞争。
