Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.
J Microbiol. 2021 May;59(5):449-459. doi: 10.1007/s12275-021-1039-2. Epub 2021 Apr 20.
The genome is highly organized hierarchically by the function of structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complex proteins such as condensin and cohesin from bacteria to humans. Although the roles of SMC complex proteins have been well characterized, their specialized roles in nuclear processes remain unclear. Condensin and cohesin have distinct binding sites and mediate long-range and short-range genomic associations, respectively, to form cell cycle-specific genome organization. Condensin can be recruited to highly expressed genes as well as dispersed repeat genetic elements, such as Pol III-transcribed genes, LTR retrotransposon, and rDNA repeat. In particular, mitotic transcription factors Ace2 and Ams2 recruit condensin to their target genes, forming centromeric clustering during mitosis. Condensin is potentially involved in various chromosomal processes such as the mobility of chromosomes, chromosome territories, DNA reannealing, and transcription factories. The current knowledge of condensin in fission yeast summarized in this review can help us understand how condensin mediates genome organization and participates in chromosomal processes in other organisms.
基因组通过结构维持染色体（SMC）复合物蛋白的功能在细菌到人类中高度组织层次化，例如凝聚素和黏合蛋白。尽管 SMC 复合物蛋白的作用已经得到很好的描述，但它们在核过程中的专门作用仍不清楚。凝聚素和黏合蛋白具有不同的结合位点，分别介导长程和短程基因组关联，以形成细胞周期特异性基因组组织。凝聚素可以被招募到高表达基因以及分散的重复遗传元件，如 III 型 Pol 转录基因、LTR 反转录转座子和 rDNA 重复。特别是，有丝分裂转录因子 Ace2 和 Ams2 将凝聚素招募到其靶基因上，在有丝分裂过程中形成着丝粒簇集。凝聚素可能参与各种染色体过程，如染色体的移动、染色体区域、DNA 再退火和转录工厂。本综述总结了裂殖酵母中凝聚素的现有知识，可以帮助我们理解凝聚素如何介导基因组组织并参与其他生物体中的染色体过程。
