The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2010 Feb;11(2):127-38. doi: 10.1038/nrn2787. Epub 2010 Jan 13.
A free-energy principle has been proposed recently that accounts for action, perception and learning. This Review looks at some key brain theories in the biological (for example, neural Darwinism) and physical (for example, information theory and optimal control theory) sciences from the free-energy perspective. Crucially, one key theme runs through each of these theories - optimization. Furthermore, if we look closely at what is optimized, the same quantity keeps emerging, namely value (expected reward, expected utility) or its complement, surprise (prediction error, expected cost). This is the quantity that is optimized under the free-energy principle, which suggests that several global brain theories might be unified within a free-energy framework.
最近提出了一个自由能原理，该原理可以解释行为、感知和学习。这篇综述从自由能的角度来看待生物学（例如神经达尔文主义）和物理学（例如信息论和最优控制理论）中的一些关键大脑理论。至关重要的是，一个关键主题贯穿于这些理论中的每一个——优化。此外，如果我们仔细观察被优化的内容，相同的量不断出现，即价值（预期奖励、预期效用）或其补数，即惊喜（预测误差、预期成本）。这是自由能原理下被优化的量，这表明几种全局大脑理论可能在自由能框架内统一起来。
