Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada.
J Econ Entomol. 2009 Dec;102(6):2126-36. doi: 10.1603/029.102.0616.
The efficacy of various insecticidal seed treatments in protecting wheat, Triticum aestivum L., from wireworm damage as well as reducing wireworm (Coleoptera: Elateridae) populations was studied over 3 yr. Protection from wireworm damage was measured by postplanting stand counts, and effects on wireworm populations were measured by within-row core samples and by bait traps placed in plots the following spring. The effects of treatments on populations of larger wireworms already present at planting were distinguished from their effects on neonate wireworms produced that growing season. Neonicotinoid seed treatments (imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam) provided excellent wheat stand protection, likely through prolonged wireworm intoxication, but populations of larger and neonate wireworms were not significantly reduced in bait traps the following spring. The pyrethroid tefluthrin, applied to seed with and without a neonicotinoid insecticide (thiamethoxam), provided excellent crop protection, but populations of wireworms also were not significantly reduced. This and additional laboratory data suggest that wheat stand establishment provided by tefluthrin is due to a combination of repulsion and short term morbidity events. The phenyl pyrazole fipronil provided excellent crop protection, and populations of both larger and neonate wireworms could not be detected in plots the following spring. The previously registered organochlorine lindane, although reducing wireworm feeding, was phytotoxic in 2 of 3 yr. Next to fipronil, lindane was the most consistent seed treatment in reducing populations of larger and neonate wireworms. These studies indicate that stand and yield protection provided by contemporary wheat seed treatments cannot automatically be equated with wireworm population mortality. This is an important consideration when choosing a suitable seed treatment to replace lindane, which historically provided both stand protection and wireworm reduction, and did not have to be applied every year.
在 3 年的时间里，研究了各种杀虫种子处理方法在保护小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）免受金针虫损害以及减少金针虫（鞘翅目：Elateridae）种群方面的效果。通过种植后植株计数来衡量对金针虫损害的保护效果，通过行间芯样和次年春天在田间设置的诱饵陷阱来衡量对金针虫种群的影响。处理方法对种植时存在的较大金针虫种群的影响与对当年产生的新孵化金针虫的影响是有区别的。新烟碱类种子处理剂（吡虫啉、噻虫嗪和噻虫胺）为小麦提供了极好的植株保护，这可能是通过延长金针虫中毒时间实现的，但次年春天在诱饵陷阱中，较大和新孵化的金针虫种群并没有显著减少。拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂氯氟氰菊酯，与新烟碱类杀虫剂（噻虫嗪）一起或单独应用于种子，对作物提供了极好的保护，但也没有显著减少金针虫的种群数量。这一点以及其他实验室数据表明，氯氟氰菊酯提供的小麦植株建立是由于驱避和短期发病事件的综合作用。苯吡唑类杀虫剂氟虫腈提供了极好的作物保护，次年春天在田间没有检测到较大和新孵化的金针虫种群。此前注册的有机氯类杀虫剂林丹虽然减少了金针虫的取食，但在 3 年中有 2 年对植物有毒性。除了氟虫腈之外，林丹是最能持续减少较大和新孵化的金针虫种群的种子处理剂。这些研究表明，当代小麦种子处理方法提供的植株和产量保护不能自动等同于金针虫种群的死亡率。在选择合适的种子处理剂来替代林丹时，这是一个重要的考虑因素，林丹在历史上既提供了植株保护又减少了金针虫的数量，而且不必每年都施用。
