Hlastala Michael P
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Box 356522, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-6522, USA.
J Forensic Sci. 2010 Mar 1;55(2):451-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.01269.x. Epub 2010 Jan 11.
The alcohol breath test (ABT) has been used for quantification of ethyl alcohol in individuals suspected of driving under the influence for more than 50 years. In this time, there has been little change in the concepts underlying this single breath test. The old model, which assumes that end-exhaled breath alcohol concentration is closely related to alveolar air alcohol concentration, is no longer acceptable. This paper reviews experimental research and mathematical modeling which has evaluated the pulmonary exchange processes for ethyl alcohol. Studies have shown that alcohol exchanges dynamically with the airway tissue both during inspiration and expiration. The airway tissue interaction makes it impossible to deliver air with alveolar alcohol concentration to the mouth. It is concluded that the ABT is dependent on physiological factors that need to be assessed for accurate testing.
酒精呼气测试（ABT）已用于对涉嫌酒后驾车的个体进行乙醇定量分析达50多年。在此期间，这种单一呼气测试背后的概念几乎没有变化。旧模型假定呼出终末时的呼气酒精浓度与肺泡气酒精浓度密切相关，如今已不再被接受。本文回顾了评估乙醇肺部交换过程的实验研究和数学模型。研究表明，在吸气和呼气过程中，酒精都会与气道组织进行动态交换。气道组织的相互作用使得无法将含有肺泡酒精浓度的空气输送到口腔。得出的结论是，ABT依赖于生理因素，为进行准确测试需要对这些因素进行评估。
