Department of Physiology, Australian Institute of Sport, Belconnen, Australia.
J Strength Cond Res. 2010 Feb;24(2):471-8. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c09a9e.
The ability to monitor training is critical to the process of quantifying training periodization plans, yet weekly patterns of volume and intensity for Paralympic swimmers before competition have not been reported. Sixteen swimmers were monitored prospectively over a 16-week training block constituting 4 training phases (early, mid, late, and taper), before a World Championship. Training volume (total and main set distance) and intensity (percentage of peak heart rate [HR], swimming velocity, and rate of perceived exertion [RPE]) were quantified using an online training diary, and changes in training load were examined over the 4 training phases. For a subgroup of swimmers (n = 12), with similarities in underlying disability, change in performance between Selection Trials and World Championships was also quantified. Substantial increases in total training volume (29.6%) were observed late phase, and main set volume was reduced substantially (24.1%) during the taper phase. Small to moderate increases in training intensity (HR 2.4%, velocity 4.5%, and RPE 6.7%) were observed late phase and maintained through the taper. There were no clear associations between discrete training measures and competition performance. Swimmers competing at the Paralympic level seem to follow traditional periodized patterns of training, similar to those of swimmers at the Olympic level, before competition. Coaches of elite swimmers with a disability should review their prescribed patterns of training before major competition: A more substantial taper (larger reduction in volume) could elicit a greater improvement in performance. Training prescription should account for different disabilities and classes and individual circumstances of elite swimmers with a disability.
监测训练的能力对量化训练分期计划的过程至关重要，但之前没有报道过残奥会游泳运动员在比赛前的每周训练量和强度模式。16 名游泳运动员在 16 周的训练期内进行了前瞻性监测，该训练期包括 4 个训练阶段（早期、中期、晚期和调整期），随后参加了世界锦标赛。使用在线训练日记对训练量（总距离和主要距离）和强度（最大心率[HR]、游泳速度和感知努力率[RPE]的百分比）进行量化，并检查 4 个训练阶段的训练负荷变化。对于具有相似潜在残疾的游泳运动员亚组（n=12），还量化了选拔试训和世界锦标赛之间的成绩变化。在晚期阶段，总训练量大幅增加（29.6%），而在调整阶段，主要训练量大幅减少（24.1%）。训练强度（HR 增加 2.4%，速度增加 4.5%，RPE 增加 6.7%）呈小到中度增加，一直持续到调整阶段。离散训练措施与比赛表现之间没有明确的关联。参加残奥会的游泳运动员似乎在比赛前遵循传统的周期性训练模式，与奥运会游泳运动员的模式相似。有残疾的精英游泳运动员的教练应在重大比赛前审查其规定的训练模式：更大的调整期（更大的训练量减少）可以提高成绩。训练处方应考虑不同的残疾类别和个体情况，以及有残疾的精英游泳运动员的个体情况。
