Zoologisches Institut der Universität Bonn, Abteilung Neurobiologie, Poppelsdorfer Schloss, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
J Insect Physiol. 2010 Jul;56(7):695-705. doi: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2009.12.008. Epub 2010 Jan 19.
To establish the existence of a central pattern generator for feeding in the larval central nervous system of two Drosophila species, the gross anatomy of feeding related muscles and their innervation is described, the motor units of the muscles identified and rhythmic motor output recorded from the isolated CNS. The cibarial dilator muscles that mediate food ingestion are innervated by the frontal nerve. Their motor pathway projects from the brain through the antennal nerves, the frontal connectives and the frontal nerve junction. The mouth hook elevator and depressor system is innervated by side branches of the maxillary nerve. The motor units of the two muscle groups differ in amplitude: the elevator is always activated by a small unit, the depressor by a large one. The dorsal protractors span the cephalopharyngeal skeleton and the body wall hence mediating an extension of the CPS. These muscles are innervated by the prothoracic accessory nerve. Rhythmic motor output produced by the isolated central nervous system can simultaneously be recorded from all three nerves. The temporal pattern of the identified motor units resembles the sequence of muscle contractions deduced from natural feeding behavior and is therefore considered as fictive feeding. Phase diagrams show an almost identical fictive feeding pattern is in both species.
为了在两种果蝇的幼虫中枢神经系统中建立进食的中央模式发生器，描述了与进食相关的肌肉的大体解剖结构及其神经支配，鉴定了肌肉的运动单位，并从分离的中枢神经系统中记录了有节奏的运动输出。介导食物摄入的口器扩张肌由额神经支配。它们的运动通路从大脑通过触角神经、额神经连接和额神经结投射。口钩提升肌和下降肌系统由上颌神经的侧支支配。两个肌肉群的运动单位在幅度上不同：提升肌总是由一个小单位激活，下降肌由一个大单位激活。背侧牵引肌跨越头咽骨骨骼和体壁，因此介导 CPS 的伸展。这些肌肉由前胸附属神经支配。可以同时从所有三条神经记录分离的中枢神经系统产生的有节奏的运动输出。所鉴定的运动单位的时间模式类似于从自然进食行为推断出的肌肉收缩序列，因此被认为是虚构的进食。相位图显示，在两个物种中，几乎相同的虚构进食模式。
