Schoofs Andreas, Hanslik Ulrike, Niederegger Senta, Heinzel Hans-Georg, Spiess Roland
Universität Bonn, Institut für Zoologie, Abteilung Neurobiologie, Poppelsdorfer Schloss, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
J Morphol. 2010 Aug;271(8):969-79. doi: 10.1002/jmor.10853.
We describe the anatomy of the nerves that project from the central nervous system (CNS) to the pro- and mesothoracic segments and the cephalopharyngeal skeleton (CPS) for third instar Calliphora larvae. Due to the complex branching pattern we introduce a nomenclature that labels side branches of first and second order. Two fine nerves that were not yet described are briefly introduced. One paired nerve projects to the ventral arms (VAs) of the CPS. The second, an unpaired nerve, projects to the ventral surface of the cibarial part of the esophagus (ES). Both nerves were tentatively labeled after the structures they innervate. The antennal nerve (AN) innervates the olfactory dorsal organ (DO). It contains motor pathways that project through the frontal connectives (FC) to the frontal nerve (FN) and innervate the cibarial dilator muscles (CDM) which mediate food ingestion. The maxillary nerve (MN) innervates the sensory terminal organ (TO), ventral organ (VO), and labial organ (LO) and comprises the motor pathways to the mouth hook (MH) elevator, MH depressor, and the labial retractor (LR) which opens the mouth cavity. An anastomosis of unknown function exists between the AN and MN. The prothoracic accessory nerve (PaN) innervates a dorsal protractor muscle of the CPS and sends side branches to the aorta and the bolwig organ (BO) (stemmata). In its further course, this nerve merges with the prothoracic nerve (PN). The architecture of the PN is extremely complex. It innervates a set of accessory pharyngeal muscles attached to the CPS and the body wall musculature of the prothorax. Several anastomoses exist between side branches of this nerve which were shown to contain motor pathways. The mesothoracic nerve (MeN) innervates a MH accessor and the longitudinal and transversal body wall muscles of the second segment.
我们描述了从第三龄丽蝇幼虫的中枢神经系统（CNS）投射到前胸和中胸节段以及头咽骨骼（CPS）的神经的解剖结构。由于分支模式复杂，我们引入了一种命名法来标记一级和二级侧支。简要介绍了两条尚未描述的细神经。一条成对神经投射到CPS的腹侧臂（VAs）。第二条是不成对神经，投射到食管（ES）食窦部分的腹面。这两条神经均根据它们所支配的结构进行了初步标记。触角神经（AN）支配嗅觉背器官（DO）。它包含通过额连接（FC）投射到额神经（FN）的运动通路，并支配介导食物摄取的食窦扩张肌（CDM）。上颌神经（MN）支配感觉终末器官（TO）、腹侧器官（VO）和唇器官（LO），并包括通往口钩（MH）提肌、MH降肌和打开口腔的唇牵缩肌（LR）的运动通路。AN和MN之间存在功能未知的吻合。前胸副神经（PaN）支配CPS的一块背侧牵引肌，并向主动脉和博尔维格器官（BO）（单眼）发出侧支。在其进一步行程中，这条神经与前胸神经（PN）合并。PN的结构极其复杂。它支配一组附着于CPS和前胸体壁肌肉组织的咽附属肌。这条神经的侧支之间存在几个吻合，已证明其中含有运动通路。中胸神经（MeN）支配一块MH辅助肌以及第二体节的纵向和横向体壁肌肉。
