Haskins Laboratories, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511-6624, United States.
Hum Mov Sci. 2010 Apr;29(2):200-13. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2009.08.002. Epub 2010 Jan 13.
To assess individual differences in basic synchronization skills and in perceptual sensitivity to timing deviations, brief tests made up of isochronous auditory sequences containing phase shifts or tempo changes were administered to 31 college students (most of them with little or no music training) and nine highly trained musicians (graduate students of music performance). Musicians showed smaller asynchronies, lower tapping variability, and greater perceptual sensitivity than college students, on average. They also showed faster phase correction following a tempo change in the pacing sequence. Unexpectedly, however, phase correction following a simple phase shift was unusually quick in both groups, especially in college students. It emerged that some of the musicians, who had previous experience with laboratory synchronization tasks, showed a much slower corrective response to phase shifts than did the other musicians. When these others were retested after having gained some task experience, their phase correction was slower than previously. These results show (1) that instantaneous phase correction in response to phase perturbations is more common than was previously believed, and suggest that (2) gradual phase correction is not a shortcoming but reflects a reduction in the strength of sensorimotor coupling afforded by practice.
为了评估基本同步技能的个体差异和对时间偏差的感知敏感性，对 31 名大学生（其中大多数人几乎没有或没有音乐训练）和 9 名训练有素的音乐家（音乐表演专业的研究生）进行了简短的测试，这些测试由包含相位偏移或节奏变化的等时听觉序列组成。音乐家的平均表现出比大学生更小的异步性、更低的敲击变异性和更高的感知敏感性。他们还表现出在节奏序列的节奏变化后更快的相位校正。然而，出乎意料的是，在两个组中，简单的相位偏移后的相位校正都异常迅速，尤其是在大学生中。结果表明，一些具有实验室同步任务经验的音乐家，其相位偏移后的校正反应比其他音乐家慢得多。当这些音乐家在获得一些任务经验后进行重新测试时，他们的相位校正比以前慢。这些结果表明：（1）对相位扰动的即时相位校正比以前认为的更为常见；（2）逐渐的相位校正不是一个缺点，而是反映了通过实践提供的感觉运动耦合强度的降低。
