Yamane Kunikazu, Arakawa Yoshichika
Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Infection Control, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo.
Masui. 2010 Jan;59(1):4-16.
The discovery of penicillin in 1928 was followed by the discovery and synthesis of various kinds of antimicrobial agents such as quinolone, aminogycoside, macrolide, tetracyclone, and oxazolidinone. These discoveries dramatically decreased the mortality rate due to infectious diseases. However, bacteria have also acquired antimicrobial-resistance genes or changed their own genes to oppose these antimicrobial agents, and now drug-resistant bacteria are becoming a serious clinical concern. Today, contagious diseases must be treated with the limited number of effective antimicrobial agents available. Infection control measures are required to prevent the spread of resistant bacteria in the clinical environment, and we must also increase our understanding of the drug-resistant mechanisms of bacteria. In this issue we wish to introduce the recent worldwide trend in antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, especially multidrug-resistant bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, along with recently-discovered antimicrobial-resistant systems.
1928年青霉素被发现后，又有多种抗菌药物被发现和合成，如喹诺酮类、氨基糖苷类、大环内酯类、四环素类和恶唑烷酮类。这些发现显著降低了传染病的死亡率。然而，细菌也获得了抗微生物耐药基因或改变自身基因以对抗这些抗菌药物，如今耐药细菌正成为严重的临床问题。如今，必须使用数量有限的有效抗菌药物来治疗传染病。需要采取感染控制措施以防止耐药菌在临床环境中传播，我们还必须加深对细菌耐药机制的了解。在本期中，我们希望介绍耐药细菌，尤其是耐多药细菌，如耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、耐万古霉素肠球菌和耐多药铜绿假单胞菌的全球最新趋势，以及最近发现的抗菌耐药系统。
