Garety P A, Hemsley D R, Wessely S
Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1991 Apr;179(4):194-201. doi: 10.1097/00005053-199104000-00003.
An experiment is described in which deluded subjects with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or of delusional disorder (paranoia) were compared with a nondeluded psychiatric control group and a normal control group on a probabilistic inference task. Factors relevant to belief formation and maintenance were investigated. Deluded subjects requested less information before reaching a decision and were more ready to change their estimates of the likelihood of an event when confronted with potentially disconfirmatory information. No differences were found between the two diagnostic groups of deluded subjects. The results are discussed in light of prevailing theories of the importance of abnormal experience rather than reasoning biases in the formation and maintenance of delusional beliefs. It is suggested that a reasoning abnormality is involved, which may coexist with perceptual abnormalities.
本文描述了一项实验，在该实验中，将诊断为精神分裂症或妄想障碍（偏执型）的妄想受试者与非妄想的精神科对照组和正常对照组进行概率推理任务比较。研究了与信念形成和维持相关的因素。妄想受试者在做出决定前需要的信息较少，并且在面对可能反驳的信息时，更愿意改变他们对事件可能性的估计。在两组妄想受试者之间未发现差异。根据当前关于异常体验而非推理偏差在妄想信念形成和维持中的重要性的理论对结果进行了讨论。研究表明，存在一种推理异常，它可能与感知异常并存。
