Díaz-Cutraro Luciana, Verdaguer-Rodríguez Marina, García-Mieres Helena, Ferrer-Quintero Marta, López-Carrilero Raquel, Palma-Sevillano Carol, Lamarca Maria, Espinosa Victoria, Barrigón Mara Luisa, González-Higueras Fermín, Pousa Esther, Grasa Eva, Lorente-Rovira Ester, Gutiérrez-Zotes Alfonso, Barajas Ana, Ruiz-Delgado Isabel, Cid Jordi, Moritz Steffen, Rico Julia, Sevilla-Llewellyn-Jones Julia, Haro Josep Maria, Ochoa Susana
Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain.
Unitat de Recerca-RISE center, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.
Schizophrenia (Heidelb). 2025 Apr 12;11(1):60. doi: 10.1038/s41537-025-00579-0.
Jumping to conclusions (JTC) bias is a hallmark cognitive bias in psychosis that involves hasty decision-making with limited evidence. Previous research has shown links between JTC and neurocognitive (NC), social cognitive (SC), metacognitive (MC), and clinical (CV) variables, but sex-based differences in these relationships remain understudied. This multicenter cross-sectional study included 121 first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients from nine Spanish mental health centers. Participants underwent comprehensive assessments of JTC, SC, NC, MC, and CV, and the interaction between JTC and sex was analysed. JTC-women attributed negative causes of events to themselves more often than non-JTC women and men, while JTC-men displayed more cognitive rigidity, slower processing speed, and better self-esteem compared to their non-JTC counterparts. Non-JTC-women showed better verbal memory recall. Logistic regression revealed distinct predictors for JTC by sex: women were influenced by negative internalization of events and visuospatial speed, while men's JTC was linked to errors in executive functions and memory. These results highlight the importance of sex-specific patterns in JTC and suggest that women might benefit from interventions targeting reflective thinking and social cognition, whereas men may need neurocognitive rehabilitation strategies.
草率下结论（JTC）偏差是精神病中的一种标志性认知偏差，涉及在证据有限的情况下匆忙做出决策。先前的研究表明JTC与神经认知（NC）、社会认知（SC）、元认知（MC）和临床（CV）变量之间存在联系，但这些关系中的性别差异仍未得到充分研究。这项多中心横断面研究纳入了来自九个西班牙心理健康中心的121名首发精神病（FEP）患者。参与者接受了JTC、SC、NC、MC和CV的综合评估，并分析了JTC与性别的相互作用。与非JTC女性和男性相比，JTC女性更常将事件的负面原因归咎于自己，而JTC男性与非JTC男性相比表现出更强的认知僵化、处理速度较慢和更好的自尊。非JTC女性表现出更好的言语记忆回忆。逻辑回归揭示了按性别划分的JTC的不同预测因素：女性受事件的负面内化和视觉空间速度的影响，而男性的JTC与执行功能和记忆错误有关。这些结果突出了JTC中性别特异性模式的重要性，并表明女性可能从针对反思性思维和社会认知的干预中受益，而男性可能需要神经认知康复策略。
