Division of Pharmacognosy, Section of Metabolomics, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Mar 2;128(1):230-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.01.020. Epub 2010 Jan 14.
Artemisia afra has been used as an infusion to treat malaria throughout the southern parts of Africa, in much the same way as the antimalarial plant Artemisia annua in China. The antiplasmodial activity of purified components from an apolar fraction of Artemisia afra has been shown in the past. No data on the efficacy of the tea infusion prepared from Artemisia afra are however available.
To investigate the antiplasmodial activity of various extracts of Artemisia afra including an ethnopharmacological prepared sample. To identify polar metabolites in Artemisia afra and Artemisia annua and by using multivariate data analysis investigate the metabolic differences between these species.
The antiplasmodial activity of Artemisia afra and Artemisia annua extracts were tested for activity against Plasmodiam falciparum 3D7 (chloroquine-sensitive strain) with chloroquine, quinine and artemisinin as positive controls. Hydrophilic metabolites in Artemisia afra and Artemisia annua were identified directly from the crude extracts through 1D- and 2D-NMR spectra. The NMR spectra were also used to differentiate between the two species using principal component analysis (PCA) for quality control purposes.
The apolar fractions of both Artemisia afra and Artemisia annua showed activity against P. falciparum while activity was only found in the tea infusion of Artemisia annua. Metabolomic studies using 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy identified 24 semi-polar components in Artemisia afra including three new phenylpropanoids for this species: caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and 3,5-dicaffeoyl quinic acid. PCA analysis conducted on the samples yielded good separation between the polar extracts of Artemisia afra and Artemisia annua.
These findings shows that there are no in vitro activity in the tea infusion of Artemisia afra and lists the identified metabolites causing the metabolic differences between Artemisia afra and Artemisia annua for quality control purposes.
在非洲南部，青蒿已被用作治疗疟疾的汤剂，其方式与中国的抗疟植物青蒿类似。过去已经证明，从青蒿非极性部分中分离得到的纯化物具有抗疟原虫活性。然而，目前尚无关于青蒿茶提取物疗效的相关数据。
研究青蒿的各种提取物（包括一种民族药理学制备的样品）的抗疟原虫活性。鉴定青蒿和黄花蒿中的极性代谢物，并通过多元数据分析，研究这两个物种之间的代谢差异。
用青蒿素、氯喹、奎宁和青蒿素作为阳性对照，测试青蒿和黄花蒿提取物对恶性疟原虫 3D7（氯喹敏感株）的抗疟原虫活性。通过一维和二维核磁共振（NMR）光谱，直接从青蒿和黄花蒿的粗提物中鉴定出亲水性代谢物。还使用主成分分析（PCA）对 NMR 光谱进行分析，以区分这两个物种，从而达到质量控制的目的。
青蒿和黄花蒿的非极性部分均显示出对恶性疟原虫的活性，而只有黄花蒿的茶提取物中发现了活性。使用 1D 和 2D-NMR 光谱进行代谢组学研究，鉴定出青蒿中的 24 种半极性成分，包括该物种的三种新苯丙烷：咖啡酸、绿原酸和 3,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸。对样品进行 PCA 分析，可在青蒿和黄花蒿的极性提取物之间产生良好的分离。
这些发现表明，青蒿茶提取物在体外没有活性，并列出了导致青蒿和黄花蒿之间代谢差异的鉴定代谢物，以便进行质量控制。
