Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69129 Heidelberg, Germany.
J Struct Biol. 2010 May;170(2):184-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jsb.2010.01.004. Epub 2010 Jan 15.
In 1955 Ken Holmes started working on tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as a research student with Rosalind Franklin at Birkbeck College, London. Afterward he spent 18months as a post doc with Don Caspar and Carolyn Cohen at the Children's Hospital, Boston where he continued the work on TMV and also showed that the core of the thick filament of byssus retractor muscle from mussels is made of two-stranded alpha-helical coiled-coils. Returning to England he joined Aaron Klug's group at the newly founded Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge. Besides continuing the TMV studies, which were aimed at calculating the three-dimensional density map of the virus, he collaborated with Pringle's group in Oxford to show that two conformation of the myosin cross-bridge could be identified in insect flight muscle. In 1968 he opened the biophysics department at the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg, Germany. With Gerd Rosenbaum he initiated the use of synchrotron radiation as a source for X-ray diffraction. In his lab the TMV structure was pushed to 4A resolution and showed how the RNA binds to the protein. With his co-workers he solved the structure of g-actin as a crystalline complex and then solved the structure of the f-actin filament by orientating the g-actin structure so as to give the f-actin fiber diffraction pattern. He was also able to solve the structure of the complex of actin with tropomyosin from fiber diffraction.
1955 年，肯·霍姆斯（Ken Holmes）开始与伦敦伯克贝克学院的罗莎琳德·富兰克林（Rosalind Franklin）一起研究烟草花叶病毒（TMV），担任研究生。之后，他在波士顿儿童医院与唐·卡斯帕（Don Caspar）和卡罗琳·科恩（Carolyn Cohen）一起担任博士后研究员，继续研究 TMV，并表明贻贝缩回肌粗丝的核心由两条链的α螺旋卷曲螺旋组成。回到英国后，他加入了新成立的剑桥分子生物学实验室的亚伦·克鲁格（Aaron Klug）小组。除了继续研究 TMV，旨在计算病毒的三维密度图外，他还与牛津的普林格尔（Pringle）小组合作，表明昆虫飞行肌中可以鉴定出肌球蛋白横桥的两种构象。1968 年，他在德国海德堡马克斯·普朗克医学研究所开设了生物物理系。他与格尔德·罗森鲍姆（Gerd Rosenbaum）一起开创了使用同步加速器辐射作为 X 射线衍射源的方法。在他的实验室中，TMV 结构被推至 4A 分辨率，并显示了 RNA 如何与蛋白质结合。他与同事一起解决了 g-肌动蛋白作为结晶复合物的结构问题，然后通过定向 g-肌动蛋白结构来解决 f-肌动蛋白丝的结构问题，从而给出 f-肌动蛋白纤维衍射图案。他还能够从纤维衍射中解决肌动蛋白与原肌球蛋白复合物的结构问题。
