O' Connell Elizabeth, Creedon Rena, McCarthy Geraldine, Lehane Brenda
School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Ireland.
Br J Nurs. 2009;18(22):1398-402. doi: 10.12968/bjon.2009.18.22.45570.
This is the second of a 2-part literature review, which aims to provide a summary of the research conducted into nurse prescribing and patients' perspectives, the prescribing practice and benefits of prescribing.
Prescriptive authority for nurses was first introduced by America in 1969, followed later by the UK, Canada, New Zealand, Australia and Sweden. A review of research conducted internationally was performed to inform the development of prescribing policies and practice and to guide future research.
A number of electronic databases were searched in March 2009 and 155 results were retrieved. Forty-four studies satisfied the criteria for inclusion. Twenty-two of those studies are included in this part of the review.
Sixteen studies reviewed were UK based, four from the USA and just two from Australia. Twenty-one of the studies focused solely on primary/secondary care, with just one on the hospital setting alone. Twelve studies incorporated nurse prescribers' views, while nine elicited patients' views and one explored the views of the general public and nurse prescribing. Findings of studies relating to patients' perspectives on prescribing were generally positive but methodologies in these studies were very diverse. Varied and context-specific evidence of the practices of nurse prescribers was presented in studies investigating this aspect of nurse prescribing.
This review has demonstrated the diversity of research conducted in the area of patients' perspectives on nurse prescribing, prescribing practices and benefits of nurse prescribing. It has identified areas that require further investigation which, in turn, will inform the future development of nurse and midwife prescribing.
这是一篇分为两部分的文献综述中的第二篇，旨在总结关于护士处方权以及患者观点、处方实践和处方益处的研究。
1969年美国率先引入护士处方权，随后英国、加拿大、新西兰、澳大利亚和瑞典也相继引入。开展了一项国际研究综述，以为处方政策和实践的发展提供信息并指导未来研究。
2009年3月检索了多个电子数据库，检索到155项结果。44项研究符合纳入标准。其中22项研究纳入了本综述的这一部分。
所综述的16项研究来自英国，4项来自美国，仅2项来自澳大利亚。21项研究仅关注初级/二级护理，仅1项仅关注医院环境。12项研究纳入了护士处方者的观点，9项研究征集了患者的观点，1项研究探讨了公众对护士处方权的看法。与患者对处方权观点相关的研究结果总体上是积极的，但这些研究中的方法非常多样。在调查护士处方权这一方面的研究中，呈现了护士处方者实践的各种具体情况的证据。
本综述展示了在患者对护士处方权的观点、处方实践和护士处方益处领域所开展研究的多样性。它确定了需要进一步调查的领域，这反过来将为护士和助产士处方权的未来发展提供信息。
