Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw University of Medicine, Wroclaw, Poland.
Clin Exp Allergy. 2009 Dec;39(12):1786-800. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03374.x.
The important roles of histamine in body physiology and various pathologic events have been well established, whereas new and exciting findings are still being uncovered. Histamine is not only the major mediator of the acute inflammatory and immediate hypersensitivity responses, but has also been demonstrated to affect chronic inflammation and regulate several essential events in the immune response. The diverse effects of histamine on immune regulation are due to the differential expression and regulation of four histamine receptors (HR) and their distinct intracellular signals. Differences in the affinities of these receptors are highly decisive on the biological effects of histamine and agents that target HRs. In particular, the discovery of reciprocal regulation of T cell activity by H1 and H2 receptor activation indicating histamine-cytokine cross-talk, as well as the characterization of the fourth histamine receptor (HR4) and its expression on numerous immune and inflammatory cells have prompted a re-evaluation of the actions of histamine. This accounts for a new potential for HR antagonists and agonists in targeting various immunopathologic conditions.
组胺在身体生理学和各种病理事件中的重要作用已经得到充分证实，而新的令人兴奋的发现仍在不断被揭示。组胺不仅是急性炎症和即刻过敏反应的主要介质，而且还被证明可以影响慢性炎症，并调节免疫反应中的几个重要事件。组胺对免疫调节的多种影响归因于四种组胺受体（HR）的差异表达和调节及其独特的细胞内信号。这些受体的亲和力差异对组胺和靶向 HR 的药物的生物学效应具有高度决定性。特别是，H1 和 H2 受体激活对 T 细胞活性的相互调节的发现表明组胺-细胞因子串扰，以及第四种组胺受体（HR4）的表征及其在许多免疫和炎症细胞上的表达，促使人们重新评估组胺的作用。这为 HR 拮抗剂和激动剂在针对各种免疫病理状况方面提供了新的潜力。
