Maron Barry J
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, 55407, USA.
Phys Sportsmed. 2002 Jan;30(1):19-24. doi: 10.3810/psm.2002.01.133.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a rare cause of death among the many participants in sports and recreational athletics, but it attracts widespread attention because the deaths occur in young, apparently healthy people. Differentiating HCM from conditioning hypertrophy (athlete's heart) remains a challenge. Routine detection of HCM patients is most commonly done with family history, physical examination, electrocardiography, and echocardiography. Keys to the differential diagnosis include evidence of heterogenous left ventricle hypertrophy, left atrial enlargement, unusual ECG patterns, and family history or gene mutations. Molecular detection methods for known defective genes in HCM have not yet become routine clinical tools. Athletes with unequivocal HCM should not participate in competitive sports, except for perhaps some low-intensity ones.
肥厚型心肌病（HCM）在众多参与体育和休闲竞技运动的人群中是一种罕见的死亡原因，但它却引起了广泛关注，因为死亡发生在年轻的、看似健康的人身上。将HCM与适应性肥厚（运动员心脏）区分开来仍然是一项挑战。HCM患者的常规检测最常通过家族史、体格检查、心电图和超声心动图来进行。鉴别诊断的关键包括左心室肥厚不均一、左心房扩大、异常心电图模式以及家族史或基因突变的证据。针对HCM中已知缺陷基因的分子检测方法尚未成为常规临床工具。明确诊断为HCM的运动员不应参加竞技运动，或许某些低强度运动除外。
