Larson Christopher M, Almekinders Louis C, Karas Spero G, Garrett William E
Minneapolis Sports Medicine Center, Edina, MN, 55410, USA.
Phys Sportsmed. 2002 Feb;30(2):41-50. doi: 10.3810/psm.2002.02.174.
Muscle contusions almost always completely heal, but sometimes they give rise to hematomas or myositis ossificans. Warning signs of severe quadriceps contusion include marked decreased knee range of motion and a sympathetic knee effusion. Management consists of rest, cooling, compression, and elevation. Corticosteroids should be avoided, but nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may reduce edema and the risk of myositis ossificans. Rehabilitation protocols that include early flexion exercise can hasten recovery and decrease the likelihood of myositis ossificans. Asymptomatic myositis ossificans needs no treatment, but when it is associated with decreased range of motion, muscle atrophy, and continued pain, lesions may be excised after they mature.
肌肉挫伤几乎总能完全愈合，但有时会引发血肿或骨化性肌炎。严重股四头肌挫伤的警示信号包括膝关节活动范围明显减小和伴有膝关节积液。处理方法包括休息、冷敷、加压和抬高。应避免使用皮质类固醇，但非甾体抗炎药可能会减轻水肿并降低骨化性肌炎的风险。包含早期屈曲运动的康复方案可加速恢复并降低骨化性肌炎的发生可能性。无症状的骨化性肌炎无需治疗，但当它与活动范围减小、肌肉萎缩和持续疼痛相关时，病变成熟后可进行切除。
