Davidson T M, Davidson D
Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92103-8895, USA.
Phys Sportsmed. 1996 Aug;24(8):74-83. doi: 10.3810/psm.1996.08.1381.
Epistaxis typically originates from the nasal septum when the nasal mucosa overlying a dilated blood vessel is injured. Epistaxis may, however, signal an underlying condition such as a coagulation disorder, so the treating physician must be alert for signs of serious illness. Most nosebleeds stop spontaneously within 5 minutes with or without pressure to the forehead, nose, or upper lip. Some require anterior nasal packing. A few arise from posterior arteries and require anterior-posterior nasal packing and a referral.
鼻出血通常起源于鼻中隔，即覆盖扩张血管的鼻黏膜受损时。然而，鼻出血可能预示着潜在疾病，如凝血障碍，因此治疗医生必须警惕严重疾病的迹象。大多数鼻出血在5分钟内会自行停止，无论是否对前额、鼻子或上唇施加压力。有些鼻出血需要进行前鼻孔填塞。少数鼻出血源自后鼻孔动脉，需要进行前后鼻孔填塞并转诊。
