Laboratory of Food Microbiology & Immunochemistry, Department of Food & Animal Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL, 35762, USA.
Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 2010;117:21-55. doi: 10.1007/10_2009_21.
Use of living cells or cellular components in biosensors is receiving increased attention and opens a whole new area of functional diagnostics. The term "mammalian cell-based biosensor" is designated to biosensors utilizing mammalian cells as the biorecognition element. Cell-based assays, such as high-throughput screening (HTS) or cytotoxicity testing, have already emerged as dependable and promising approaches to measure the functionality or toxicity of a compound (in case of HTS); or to probe the presence of pathogenic or toxigenic entities in clinical, environmental, or food samples. External stimuli or changes in cellular microenvironment sometimes perturb the "normal" physiological activities of mammalian cells, thus allowing CBBs to screen, monitor, and measure the analyte-induced changes. The advantage of CBBs is that they can report the presence or absence of active components, such as live pathogens or active toxins. In some cases, mammalian cells or plasma membranes are used as electrical capacitors and cell-cell and cell-substrate contact is measured via conductivity or electrical impedance. In addition, cytopathogenicity or cytotoxicity induced by pathogens or toxins resulting in apoptosis or necrosis could be measured via optical devices using fluorescence or luminescence. This chapter focuses mainly on the type and applications of different mammalian cell-based sensor systems.
在生物传感器中使用活细胞或细胞成分越来越受到关注，并开辟了功能诊断的全新领域。“基于哺乳动物细胞的生物传感器”一词是指利用哺乳动物细胞作为生物识别元件的生物传感器。基于细胞的测定法，如高通量筛选（HTS）或细胞毒性测试，已经成为测量化合物功能或毒性的可靠且有前途的方法（在 HTS 的情况下）；或者在临床、环境或食品样本中探测致病或产毒实体的存在。外部刺激或细胞微环境的变化有时会扰乱哺乳动物细胞的“正常”生理活动，从而使 CBB 能够筛选、监测和测量分析物诱导的变化。CBB 的优点是它们可以报告活性成分（如活病原体或活性毒素）的存在或不存在。在某些情况下，哺乳动物细胞或质膜可用作电电容器，并且通过电导率或阻抗来测量细胞-细胞和细胞-基质的接触。此外，病原体或毒素引起的细胞病变或细胞毒性导致的细胞凋亡或坏死可通过使用荧光或发光的光学装置进行测量。本章主要侧重于不同基于哺乳动物细胞的传感器系统的类型和应用。
