Osborough Conor D, Payton Carl J, Daly Daniel J
School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
J Appl Biomech. 2009 Nov;25(4):304-12. doi: 10.1123/jab.25.4.304.
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between swimming speed (SS), stroke length (SL), and stroke frequency (SF) for competitive single-arm amputee front crawl swimmers and assess their relationships with anthropometric characteristics. Thirteen highly trained swimmers (3 male, 10 female) were filmed underwater from a lateral view during seven increasingly faster 25-m front crawl trials. Increases in SS (above 75% of maximum SS) were achieved by a 5% increase in SF, which coincided with a 2% decrease in SL. At SSmax, interswimmer correlations showed that SF was significantly related to SS (r = .72; p < .01) whereas SL was not. Moderate but nonsignificant correlations suggested that faster swimmers did not necessarily use longer and slower strokes to swim at a common submaximal speed when compared with their slower counterparts. No correlations existed between SL and any anthropometric characteristics. Biacromial breadth, shoulder girth, and upper-arm length all significantly correlated with the SF used at SSmax. These findings imply that as a consequence of being deprived of an important propelling limb, at fast swimming speeds SF is more important than SL in influencing the performance outcome of these single-arm amputee swimmers.
本研究的目的是确定竞技单臂截肢者自由泳运动员的游泳速度（SS）、划水长度（SL）和划水频率（SF）之间的关系，并评估它们与人体测量特征的关系。在七次速度逐渐加快的25米自由泳测试中，从侧面拍摄了13名训练有素的游泳运动员（3名男性，10名女性）在水下的画面。游泳速度增加（超过最大游泳速度的75%）是通过划水频率增加5%实现的，这与划水长度减少2%同时发生。在最大游泳速度时，游泳者之间的相关性表明，划水频率与游泳速度显著相关（r = 0.72；p < 0.01），而划水长度则不然。适度但不显著的相关性表明，与速度较慢的游泳者相比，速度较快的游泳者在以共同的次最大速度游泳时，不一定使用更长、更慢的划水动作。划水长度与任何人体测量特征之间均无相关性。肩峰间宽度、肩围和上臂长度均与最大游泳速度时使用的划水频率显著相关。这些发现意味着，由于失去了一个重要的推进肢体，在快速游泳速度下，划水频率在影响这些单臂截肢游泳运动员的成绩方面比划水长度更重要。
