Metabolic and melanocortin gene expression alterations in male offspring of obese mice.

To study the consequences of maternal obesity during gestation and suckling periods on metabolic features and expression of genes belonging to the melanocortinergic system, we developed Diet-Induced-Obesity (DIO) in mice fed high-fat-diet (HFD). After weaning, F1-descendants were fed the same diet than dams up to 16 weeks or received a 2-week standard chow at several time points. From birth, F1-DIO displayed higher body weight than F1-control. Hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperleptinemia were detected from P10 and fasting hyperglycaemia from 2 week-post-weaning. From late gestation to 16-week-post-weaning the expression of MC4-R gene and/or the POMC/AgRP ratio was increased, suggesting an activation of this pathway to compensate the deleterious effects of HFD. Standard chow replacement at weaning normalized metabolic status but a partial recovery was obtained for later changes. Concomitant variations in the expression of the melanocortinergic genes were observed. Therefore, early nutritional intervention could override the impact of maternal and postnatal over-nutrition.