School of Social Work and Department of Community Health, Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA. E-mail:
Ann Epidemiol. 2010 Apr;20(4):281-8. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2009.11.011. Epub 2010 Jan 25.
Criminal victimization produces enormous personal and societal costs, yet few investigations have systematically examined substance use and psychiatric disorders of crime victims. Our objectives were to (i) examine the prevalence and patterns of criminal victimization in the United States and (ii) their associations with specific substance use disorders, prevalent psychiatric conditions, and violent and nonviolent antisocial behaviors in controlled multivariate analyses.
Data were derived from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a nationally representative sample of US residents 18 years of age and older (N=43,093). Interviews conducted between 2001 and 2002 included measures of past-year criminal victimization and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, IV mood, anxiety, substance use, and personality disorders.
More than 1-in-25 adults in the United States (4.1%) reported past-year criminal victimization. Respondents who reported lower levels of income, lived in urban areas, and were separated or divorced were at significantly heightened risk for criminal victimization. Persons reporting various forms of violent and nonviolent antisocial behavior also were more likely to be victims of crime. In controlled multivariate analyses, crime victims evidenced significantly increased rates of alcohol, cocaine, and opioid use disorders. Paranoid personality disorder, major depressive disorder, and a family history of antisocial behavior were also significantly associated with past-year criminal victimization.
Criminal victimization is prevalent in the United States and associated with significant psychiatric comorbidities and behavioral dysfunction. Poor, unmarried persons living in urban areas who have family histories of antisocial conduct and personal histories of specific substance use and psychiatric disorders are at substantially elevated risk for criminal victimization.
犯罪受害者会产生巨大的个人和社会成本，但很少有研究系统地检查犯罪受害者的物质使用和精神障碍情况。我们的目的是：(i) 检查美国犯罪受害的普遍性和模式；(ii) 在控制的多变量分析中，检查其与特定物质使用障碍、常见精神疾病以及暴力和非暴力反社会行为的关联。
数据来自国家酒精和相关条件流行病学调查，这是一项针对美国 18 岁及以上居民的全国代表性样本（N=43093）。2001 年至 2002 年期间进行的访谈包括过去一年的犯罪受害和《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第四版的情绪、焦虑、物质使用和人格障碍的测量。
美国超过 1/25 的成年人（4.1%）报告过去一年遭受犯罪侵害。收入较低、居住在城市地区、离异或分居的受访者面临更高的犯罪受害风险。报告各种形式的暴力和非暴力反社会行为的人也更有可能成为犯罪受害者。在控制的多变量分析中，犯罪受害者表现出明显更高的酒精、可卡因和阿片类物质使用障碍发生率。偏执型人格障碍、重性抑郁障碍以及反社会行为的家族史也与过去一年的犯罪受害显著相关。
犯罪受害在美国很普遍，并与显著的精神共病和行为功能障碍相关。经济条件差、未婚、居住在城市地区、有反社会行为家族史以及个人有特定物质使用和精神障碍史的人，犯罪受害的风险大大增加。
