Doherty Elaine Eggleston, Jaecques Brittany, Green Kerry M, Ensminger Margaret E
Violence Vict. 2018 Apr 1;33(2):239-258. doi: 10.1891/0886-6708.VV-D-15-00061.
The interrelationship between victimization, violence, and substance use/abuse has been well established, yet those who experience victimization do not necessarily respond with violence or substance use or escalate to experiencing substance abuse symptoms. Drawing on literature from both the syndemic research from medical anthropology and the resilience research from psychology, this study examines the interaction between early childhood adversity and young adult violent victimization on later substance use/abuse and violent offending to provide insight into conditional effects. Data are derived from the Woodlawn Study, an African American cohort of men and women from a socioeconomically heterogeneous community in the South Side of Chicago, who were followed from first grade through age 42. Results indicate that those with lower levels of childhood adversity are more likely to suffer the negative consequences of violent victimization than those with higher childhood adversity, providing support for a "steeling" effect.
受害、暴力与物质使用/滥用之间的相互关系已得到充分证实，然而，遭受侵害的人不一定会以暴力或物质使用做出回应，也不一定会发展到出现物质滥用症状。本研究借鉴了医学人类学的综合征研究和心理学的复原力研究文献，考察了儿童早期逆境与青年期暴力受害经历对后期物质使用/滥用及暴力犯罪的相互作用，以深入了解条件效应。数据来自伍德洛恩研究，该研究跟踪了芝加哥南区一个社会经济背景各异的非裔美国人社区的一群男性和女性，他们从一年级开始一直到42岁。结果表明，童年逆境水平较低的人比童年逆境水平较高的人更容易遭受暴力受害的负面后果，这为“强化”效应提供了支持。
