Institute for the Study of Child Development/Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School-UMDNJ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2010 Jun;41(3):285-98. doi: 10.1007/s10578-009-0168-3.
To explore whether punitive parenting styles contribute to early-acquired emotion knowledge deficits observable in neglected children, we observed 42 preschool children's emotion knowledge, expression recognition time, and IQ. The children's mothers completed the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales to assess the recent use of three types of discipline strategies (nonviolent, physically punitive, and psychological aggression), as well as neglectful parenting. Fifteen of the children were identified as neglected by Child Protective Services (CPS) reports; 27 children had no record of CPS involvement and served as the comparison group. There were no differences between the neglect and comparison groups in the demographic factors of gender, age, home language, minority status, or public assistance, nor on IQ. Hierarchical multiple regression modeling showed that neglect significantly predicted emotion knowledge. The addition of IQ contributed a significant amount of additional variance to the model and maintained the fit. Adding parental punitiveness in the final stage contributed little additional variance and did not significantly improve the fit. Thus, deficits in children's emotion knowledge may be due primarily to lower IQ or neglect. IQ was unrelated to speed of emotion recognition. Punitiveness did not directly contribute to emotion knowledge deficits but appeared in exploratory analysis to be related to speed of emotion recognition.
为了探究惩罚性养育方式是否会导致被忽视儿童早期出现的情绪知识缺陷，我们观察了 42 名学龄前儿童的情绪知识、表情识别时间和智商。这些孩子的母亲完成了《父母-子女冲突策略量表》，以评估三种类型的纪律策略（非暴力、身体惩罚和心理攻击）的近期使用情况，以及忽视性养育方式。15 名儿童被儿童保护服务机构（CPS）报告为被忽视；27 名儿童没有 CPS 参与记录，作为对照组。在性别、年龄、家庭语言、少数族裔地位或公共援助等人口统计学因素以及智商方面，忽视组和对照组之间没有差异。分层多元回归模型显示，忽视显著预测了情绪知识。智商对模型的拟合程度有显著影响，增加了大量的额外方差。在最后阶段加入父母的严厉程度，对模型的拟合程度影响不大，也没有显著改善。因此，儿童情绪知识的缺陷可能主要是由于智商较低或被忽视所致。智商与情绪识别速度无关。严厉程度并没有直接导致情绪知识缺陷，但在探索性分析中，它与情绪识别速度有关。
