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环境稳定性与湖泊浮游动物多样性——化学和热变异性的对比影响。

Environmental stability and lake zooplankton diversity - contrasting effects of chemical and thermal variability.

机构信息

Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

出版信息

Ecol Lett. 2010 Apr;13(4):453-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01438.x. Epub 2010 Jan 21.

Abstract

Environmental variability in space and time is a primary mechanism allowing species that share resources to coexist. Fluctuating conditions are a double edged sword for diversity, either promoting coexistence through temporal niche partitioning or excluding species by stochastic extinctions. The net effect of environmental variation on diversity is largely unknown. We examined the association between zooplankton species richness in lakes and environmental variability on interannual, seasonal and shorter time scales, as well as long-term average conditions. We analyzed data on physical, chemical and biological limnology in 53 temperate zone lakes in North America and Europe sampled over a combined 1042 years. Large fluctuations in pH, phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon concentration on different time scales were associated with reduced zooplankton species richness. More species were found in lakes that showed greater temperature variation on all time scales. Environmental variability on different time scales showed similar or, in some cases, stronger associations with zooplankton species richness compared with long-term average conditions. Our results suggest that temporal fluctuations in the chemical environment tend to exclude zooplankton species while temperature variability promotes greater richness. The results indicate that anthropogenic increases in temporal variability of future climates may have profound effects on biodiversity.

摘要

环境在时空上的变化是允许具有资源共享特性的物种共存的主要机制。波动的环境条件对多样性来说是一把双刃剑,它可以通过时间生态位分离促进共存,也可以通过随机灭绝排斥物种。环境变化对多样性的净效应在很大程度上是未知的。我们研究了湖泊中浮游动物物种丰富度与环境变异性之间的关系,包括年际、季节性和更短时间尺度上的变化,以及长期平均条件。我们分析了北美和欧洲 53 个温带湖泊的物理、化学和生物湖沼学数据,这些湖泊的样本采集时间总和为 1042 年。不同时间尺度上 pH 值、磷和溶解有机碳浓度的大幅波动与浮游动物物种丰富度的降低有关。在所有时间尺度上,温度变化较大的湖泊中发现了更多的物种。与长期平均条件相比,不同时间尺度上的环境变异性与浮游动物物种丰富度具有相似或在某些情况下更强的关联。我们的研究结果表明,化学环境的时间波动往往会排斥浮游动物物种,而温度变化则促进了更大的物种丰富度。这些结果表明,未来气候中时间变异性的人为增加可能对生物多样性产生深远影响。

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