Vanderbilt University, Department of Pediatrics, 284 Forrest Rd, Mertztown, PA 19539, USA.
Pediatrics. 2010 Feb;125(2):313-9. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-3129. Epub 2010 Jan 25.
The goal of this study was to assess which parenting behaviors, perceptions, and risk factors were associated with optimal versus delayed development.
A total of 382 families from the national Brigance Infant and Toddler Screens standardization and validation study participated. Data sources included parent questionnaires, child testing, and examiner observations of parent-child interactions. Parenting styles research was operationalized with the Brigance Parent-Child Interactions Scale, a brief measure of parenting behaviors and perceptions.
Six positive parenting behaviors and perceptions predicted average to above-average development on the Brigance screens. Conversely, <2 positive parenting behaviors and negative perceptions of children indicated child performance nearly 2 SDs below the mean on Brigance screens. Psychosocial risk factors associated with fewer positive parenting behaviors and with negative perceptions included >3 children in the home, multiple moves, limited English, and parental depression.
A dearth of positive parenting behaviors plus negative perceptions of children, with or without psychosocial risk factors, negatively affect child development, which is apparent as early as 6 months of age. The older the child is, the greater the performance gaps are. Language development is particularly at risk when parenting is problematic. Findings underscore the importance of early development promotion with parents, focusing on their talking, playing, and reading with children, and the need for interventions regarding psychosocial risk factors.
本研究旨在评估哪些育儿行为、观念和风险因素与儿童的最佳发展或延迟发展相关。
共有 382 个家庭参与了国家 Brignance 婴儿和幼儿筛查的标准化和验证研究。数据来源包括家长问卷、儿童测试以及对亲子互动的检查者观察。Brignance 亲子互动量表将育儿风格研究操作化，这是一种简短的育儿行为和观念测量方法。
六种积极的育儿行为和观念预示着 Brignance 筛查中儿童的发展处于平均水平以上。相反，如果儿童的积极育儿行为和观念少于两种，且对儿童的看法负面，则表明儿童在 Brignance 筛查中的表现接近平均值以下两个标准差。与积极育儿行为较少和对儿童的负面看法相关的社会心理风险因素包括家中有 3 个以上的孩子、多次搬家、英语水平有限和父母抑郁。
积极育儿行为不足加上对儿童的负面看法，无论是否存在社会心理风险因素，都会对儿童的发展产生负面影响，这在 6 个月大时就已经很明显。儿童年龄越大，表现差距越大。当育儿存在问题时，语言发展尤其存在风险。研究结果强调了早期与父母一起促进儿童发展的重要性，重点关注他们与孩子的交谈、玩耍和阅读，以及针对社会心理风险因素进行干预的必要性。
