Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA.
Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2010 Mar;16(2):155-61. doi: 10.1097/MCP.0b013e328335de61.
The extensive industrial use of asbestos for many decades has been linked to development of benign and malignant pleuropulmonary disease. This review summarizes newer evidence and ongoing controversies that exist in the literature regarding asbestos-related parenchymal and airway diseases.
Asbestosis represents a significant respiratory problem despite the improvement in the workplace hygiene and a decrease in use of asbestos. The management of asbestosis remains challenging as currently there is no specific treatment. The role of asbestos exposure alone as a cause of chronic airway obstruction remains uncertain. The relationship between lung cancer and asbestos exposure alone and in combination with smoking has also been investigated. The benefit of screening for asbestos-related pleuropulmonary disease remains uncertain as does the use of computed tomography scanning for the purpose of screening.
Future studies will help clarify the clinical issues and shape screening strategies for asbestos-exposed individuals.
几十年来，石棉在许多行业的广泛应用与良性和恶性胸膜肺疾病的发生有关。本文综述了文献中有关石棉相关实质和气道疾病的新证据和持续存在的争议。
尽管工作场所卫生条件得到改善，石棉使用量减少，但石棉仍会导致严重的呼吸道问题。目前尚无针对石棉肺的特定治疗方法，因此石棉肺的治疗仍然具有挑战性。单独的石棉暴露作为慢性气道阻塞的原因仍不确定。单独和与吸烟联合接触石棉与肺癌之间的关系也在研究之中。石棉相关胸膜肺疾病筛查的获益以及 CT 扫描筛查的目的仍不确定。
未来的研究将有助于阐明石棉暴露人群的临床问题，并制定相应的筛查策略。
