Trembath C R, Hickner J M, Bishop S W
Providence Family Health Center, South Lyon, MI 48178.
J Fam Pract. 1991 Apr;32(4):378-81.
A prospective study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of hypertension in office patients with an incidental diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg.
During routine screening of 14,890 patients, 174 patients with elevated diastolic blood pressures but no previous diagnosis of hypertension were identified over a 3-month period. Only 115 (64%) returned as requested for two subsequent blood pressure readings.
Sixty percent of those returning fit the definition for hypertension using the criteria of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of Hypertension. Sixty-nine percent (43/62) of the men and 49% (26/53) of the women were hypertensive. Women under 40 years old were less likely to be hypertensive, but age did not predict hypertension in men. Among those patients with a diastolic pressure reading below 105 mm Hg, progressively higher diastolic readings on the first visit did not predict a higher probability of hypertension. Among those patients with a diastolic pressure reading above 105 mm Hg, however, 90% (9/10) were hypertensive.
Physicians should take incidental elevation of diastolic pressure seriously because of the high prevalence of confirmed hypertension in this group of patients.
开展了一项前瞻性研究,以确定诊室就诊时舒张压偶然高于或等于90毫米汞柱的患者中高血压的患病率。
在对14890名患者进行常规筛查期间,在3个月内识别出174名舒张压升高但既往无高血压诊断的患者。只有115名(64%)患者按要求返回进行后续两次血压测量。
按照美国国家联合委员会关于高血压检测、评估和治疗的标准,返回的患者中有60%符合高血压定义。男性中有69%(43/62)为高血压患者,女性中有49%(26/53)为高血压患者。40岁以下女性患高血压的可能性较小,但年龄并不能预测男性是否患高血压。在舒张压读数低于105毫米汞柱的患者中,首次就诊时舒张压读数越高并不能预测患高血压的可能性越大。然而,在舒张压读数高于105毫米汞柱的患者中,90%(9/10)为高血压患者。
由于这组患者中确诊高血压的患病率较高,医生应认真对待偶然出现的舒张压升高情况。