Pezzani Betina C, Minvielle Marta C, Ciarmela María L, Apezteguía María C, Basualdo Juan A
Cátedra de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina.
Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2009 Dec;26(6):471-7. doi: 10.1590/s1020-49892009001200001.
To design, implement, and evaluate a complex plan of actions aimed at reducing parasitoses in a rural town in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, with the involvement of the community.
The project took place in General Mansilla, Buenos Aires province, in three stages. First, the initial epidemiological situation of intestinal parasitoses in the community was assessed by analyzing for parasites a series of stool samples and anal swabs taken from a sample of 522 individuals. Second, interventions were implemented: the pharmacological treatment of the infected individuals, and health education for the public involving local promoters. Third, the pharmacological treatment was evaluated with followup stool testing for those treated; the health education effort was evaluated through a survey and stool testing for parasites of those who had participated solely in the education.
The frequency of intestinal parasitoses was 58.2%; of the total, 43.9% were protozoa and 35.2%, helminths. The most common pathogens were Enterobius vermicularis, Blastocystis hominis, and Giardia lamblia. The deworming treatment reduced intestinal parasitoses to 15.1% (P < 0.001), and was more effective in helminths than in protozoa. Intestinal parasitoses declined following the health education intervention, in general (from 58.2% to 47.9%; P = 0.019), as well as for helminths (from 35.2% to 20.3%; P < 0.001), and hygiene habits improved significantly.
Treatment of parasitosis and the educational intervention provided by local promoters made it possible to reduce parasitic diseases-particularly those caused by helminths-in the community under study. We recommend extending this experience to other rural communities and broadening the interventions to cutoff additional modes of transmission, such as water and food.
在阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯省的一个乡村小镇，在社区参与下设计、实施并评估一项旨在减少寄生虫病的综合行动计划。
该项目在布宜诺斯艾利斯省的曼西利亚将军镇分三个阶段进行。首先，通过对从522名个体样本中采集的一系列粪便样本和肛门拭子进行寄生虫分析，评估社区肠道寄生虫病的初始流行情况。其次，实施干预措施：对感染者进行药物治疗，并通过当地推广人员对公众进行健康教育。第三，对接受治疗者进行随访粪便检测以评估药物治疗效果；通过对仅参与教育者进行调查和粪便寄生虫检测来评估健康教育效果。
肠道寄生虫病的发生率为58.2%；其中，43.9%为原生动物感染，35.2%为蠕虫感染。最常见的病原体是蠕形住肠线虫、人芽囊原虫和蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫。驱虫治疗使肠道寄生虫病降至15.1%（P<0.001），对蠕虫的治疗比对原生动物更有效。总体而言，健康教育干预后肠道寄生虫病有所下降（从58.2%降至47.9%；P=0.019），蠕虫感染也有所下降（从35.2%降至20.3%；P<0.001），卫生习惯显著改善。
寄生虫病治疗和当地推广人员提供的教育干预使研究中的社区寄生虫病，尤其是由蠕虫引起的寄生虫病得以减少。我们建议将这一经验推广到其他农村社区，并扩大干预措施以阻断水和食物等其他传播途径。
