Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010 Aug;37(8):1594-603. doi: 10.1007/s00259-009-1357-9. Epub 2010 Jan 27.
Parkinson's disease (PD) consists of loss of pigmented dopamine-secreting neurons in the pars compacta of the midbrain substantia nigra. These neurons project to the striatum (putamen and caudate nucleus) and their loss leads to alterations in the activity of the neural circuits that regulate movement. In a simplified model, two dopamine pathways are involved: the direct pathway, which is mediated through facilitation of the D(1) receptors, and the indirect pathway through D(2) receptors (inhibitory). Positron emission tomography (PET) tracers to image the presynaptic sites of the dopaminergic system include 6-[(18)F]FDOPA and 6-[(18)F]FMT, [(11)C]dihydrotetrabenazine, [(11)C]nomifensine and various radiolabelled cocaine derivatives. Postsynaptically, for the dopamine D(1) subtype the most commonly used ligands are [(11)C]SCH 23390 or [(11)C]NNC 112 and for the D(2) subtype [(11)C]raclopride, [(11)C]MNPA and [(18)F]DMFP. PET is a sensitive and specific non-invasive molecular imaging technique that may be helpful for evaluation of PD and its differential diagnosis from other parkinsonian syndromes.
帕金森病（PD）由中脑黑质致密部色素性多巴胺能神经元丧失引起。这些神经元投射到纹状体（壳核和尾状核），其丧失导致调节运动的神经回路活动改变。在简化模型中，涉及两条多巴胺途径：直接途径，通过促进 D（1）受体介导；间接途径通过 D（2）受体（抑制性）。用于成像多巴胺能系统突触前部位的正电子发射断层扫描（PET）示踪剂包括 6-[(18)F]FDOPA 和 6-[(18)F]FMT、[(11)C]二氢四苯并嗪、[(11)C]诺米芬辛和各种放射性标记的可卡因衍生物。突触后，用于多巴胺 D（1）亚型的最常用配体是 [(11)C]SCH 23390 或 [(11)C]NNC 112，用于 D（2）亚型的是 [(11)C]raclopride、[(11)C]MNPA 和 [(18)F]DMFP。PET 是一种敏感且特异性的非侵入性分子成像技术，可能有助于评估 PD 及其与其他帕金森综合征的鉴别诊断。
