Department of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete - Greece.
Int J Biol Markers. 2009 Oct-Dec;24(4):215-22. doi: 10.1177/172460080902400401.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing can identify women at risk of cervical cancer. Currently, molecular detection methods are the gold standard for identification of HPV. The three categories of molecular assays that are available are based on the detection of HPV DNA and include (1) non-amplified hybridization assays, such as Southern transfer hybridization (STH), dot blot hybridization (DB) and in situ hybridization (ISH); (2) signal amplified hybridization assays, such as hybrid capture assays (HC2); (3) target amplification assays, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ PCR. STH requires large amounts of DNA, is laborious and not reproducible, while ISH has only moderate sensitivity for HPV. The sensitivity of the HC2 assay is similar to that of PCR-based assays, with high sensitivity being achieved by signal rather than target amplification. PCR-based detection is both highly sensitive and specific. Since PCR can be performed on very small amounts of DNA, it is ideal for use on specimens with low DNA content. In the future, with the advance of technology, viral DNA extraction and amplification systems will become more rapid, more sensitive, and more automated.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）检测可识别宫颈癌高危女性。目前，分子检测方法是 HPV 鉴定的金标准。现有的三种分子检测方法基于 HPV DNA 的检测，包括（1）非扩增杂交检测法，如 Southern 转移杂交（STH）、斑点印迹杂交（DB）和原位杂交（ISH）；（2）信号扩增杂交检测法，如杂交捕获检测法（HC2）；（3）靶标扩增检测法，如聚合酶链反应（PCR）和原位 PCR。STH 需要大量的 DNA，繁琐且不可重复，而 ISH 对 HPV 的灵敏度仅为中等。HC2 检测法的灵敏度与基于 PCR 的检测法相似，通过信号而非靶标扩增实现高灵敏度。基于 PCR 的检测法具有高灵敏度和特异性。由于 PCR 可以在非常少量的 DNA 上进行，因此非常适合用于 DNA 含量低的标本。未来，随着技术的进步，病毒 DNA 提取和扩增系统将变得更加快速、灵敏和自动化。
