Pita R, Vidal-Asensi S
Departamento de Defensa Química, Escuela Militar de Defensa NBQ, Madrid, España.
Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2010 Jan-Feb;101(1):7-18. doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2009.07.012.
Vesicants are a group of chemicals used in warfare. The most representative agent is yperite, also known as mustard gas. The blisters that appeared on those exposed to yperite during combat in the First World War are responsible for the current name--vesicants--for this group of chemicals. Their affects are produced mainly through localized action of liquid or vapor forms on the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. However, the high absorption of the liquid form through the skin or the vapor form on inhalation may cause substantial systemic effects. Here we analyze these effects, treatment of intoxication, and long-term sequelae, drawing on our experience and a review of the literature.
糜烂性毒剂是一类用于战争的化学物质。最具代表性的毒剂是芥子气，也被称为芥末气。第一次世界大战期间，接触芥子气的人身上出现的水泡导致了这类化学物质如今被称为“糜烂性毒剂”。它们的影响主要是通过液体或蒸汽形式对皮肤、眼睛和呼吸道的局部作用产生的。然而，液体形式通过皮肤的高吸收或吸入蒸汽形式可能会导致严重的全身影响。在此，我们借鉴自身经验并回顾文献，分析这些影响、中毒的治疗方法以及长期后遗症。
