Aceituno-Madera P, Buendía-Eisman A, Arias-Santiago S, Serrano-Ortega S
Area de Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España.
Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2010 Jan-Feb;101(1):39-46.
Ultraviolet radiation is the main risk factor for skin cancer. Changes in lifestyle over recent decades have led to greater exposure to ultraviolet radiation; this phenomenon, coupled with aging of the population, increases the risk of developing skin cancer. Our objective was to analyze the trends in the incidence of skin cancer worldwide, in Europe,and in Spain during the period 1978 to 2002.
Both skin cancer incidence and trends were investigated during the period 1978 to 2002 using the publication Cancer Incidence in Five Continents.
The incidence of cutaneous melanoma increased progressively throughout the period, with higher rates among women. The highest incidence was found in Australia. In Spain, the standardized rates of melanoma had tripled in both sexes by the end of the study period. The incidence of non melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) increased throughout the study period, with higher rates among men.The highest incidences were found in Australia, Brazil, and among the European inhabitants of Zimbabwe. Within Spain, the standardized rates of NMSC doubled or tripled in both sexes by the end of the study period.
The rise in the incidence of skin cancer leads us to conclude that measures of primary prevention are failing or insufficient, or that it is still too soon to evaluate their efficacy. There are certain limitations to this study, such as the fact that it was impossible to analyze the most recent period, from 2003 to 2007, and that cancer registries are not available for all populations.
紫外线辐射是皮肤癌的主要危险因素。近几十年来生活方式的改变导致人们更多地暴露于紫外线辐射之下；这种现象，再加上人口老龄化，增加了患皮肤癌的风险。我们的目的是分析1978年至2002年期间全球、欧洲及西班牙皮肤癌的发病趋势。
利用《五大洲癌症发病率》出版物对1978年至2002年期间皮肤癌的发病率及趋势进行研究。
在整个研究期间，皮肤黑色素瘤的发病率呈逐渐上升趋势，女性发病率更高。澳大利亚的发病率最高。在西班牙，到研究期末黑色素瘤的标准化发病率在两性中均增长了两倍。在整个研究期间，非黑色素瘤皮肤癌（NMSC）的发病率也在上升，男性发病率更高。澳大利亚、巴西以及津巴布韦的欧洲居民中发病率最高。在西班牙国内，到研究期末NMSC的标准化发病率在两性中均增长了一倍或两倍。
皮肤癌发病率的上升使我们得出结论，一级预防措施要么失败要么不足，要么评估其效果仍为时过早。本研究存在一定局限性，比如无法分析2003年至2007年这一最近时期，且并非所有人群都有癌症登记数据。
