Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2010 Feb;50(2):97-9. doi: 10.1080/10408390903467373.
Besides genetic and environmental factors, the breakfast meal and the frequency in which it is eaten may influence appetite control, dietary intake and composition, and chronic disease risk. Breakfast skipping may lead to up-regulation of appetite, possibly leading to weight gain over time and deleterious changes in risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Breakfast skipping has also been linked to poorer overall diet quality. Regular breakfast consumption, on the other hand, may reduce the risk of chronic diseases due to the potential impact on the composition of the overall diet, and is also associated with improved learning abilities and better school performance in children. Considering the trend to skip, or to have nutritionally inadequate breakfast, suggestions to promote and support breakfast in children and adolescents will be considered.
除了遗传和环境因素外，早餐的进餐时间和频率也可能影响食欲控制、饮食摄入和组成以及慢性病风险。不吃早餐可能会导致食欲增加，随着时间的推移可能导致体重增加，并导致糖尿病和心血管疾病的风险因素发生有害变化。不吃早餐还与整体饮食质量较差有关。另一方面，经常吃早餐可能会降低患慢性病的风险，因为它可能会影响整体饮食的组成，并且还与儿童学习能力的提高和更好的学业成绩有关。鉴于不吃早餐或早餐营养不足的趋势，将考虑提出促进和支持儿童和青少年吃早餐的建议。
