Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, 7610658 Santiago, Chile.
Nutrients. 2020 Feb 20;12(2):552. doi: 10.3390/nu12020552.
Breakfast is one of the most important meals of the day. A good quality breakfast must include dairy products, cereals, and fruits. The aim of this study is to determine breakfast dietary patterns and their nutritional quality among Chilean university students. A cross-sectional non-probabilistic study was conducted in 200 university students between 18 and 27 years in Santiago, Chile. To identify dietary patterns and breakfast quality, a breakfast food survey was conducted. Patterns were identified by factor analysis. Most of the subjects (53%) ate breakfast daily, with a higher prevalence among females (60.2% vs. 43.7%, < 0.05); 68% did not consume fruits and 17.5% had good breakfast quality, with no differences by sex. Four breakfast dietary patterns were identified: "dairy & cereals", "healthy", "traditional salty" and "traditional sweet" that together explained 35.6% of the total variance. There was no sex difference in predominant dietary patterns. The "dairy & cereals" and "traditional sweet" patterns were associated with regularly eating breakfast (β: -0.47, = 0.001; β: -0.32, = 0.020) and the "healthy" pattern with BMI ≥25 kg/m (β: 0.35, = 0.024). In conclusion, breakfast quality was inadequate due to low fruit consumption and energy intake. The four identified patterns included cereals, bread, dairy, fats and sugars. Results may be usual in the planning of future interventions aimed at improving breakfast consumption and quality in university students.
早餐是一天中最重要的一餐之一。一份高质量的早餐必须包含乳制品、谷物和水果。本研究旨在确定智利大学生的早餐饮食模式及其营养质量。在智利圣地亚哥，对 200 名年龄在 18 至 27 岁之间的大学生进行了一项横断面非概率研究。为了确定饮食模式和早餐质量，进行了早餐食物调查。通过因子分析来识别模式。大多数受试者（53%）每天吃早餐，女性的患病率更高（60.2%比 43.7%，<0.05）；68%的人不吃水果，17.5%的人早餐质量好，性别之间没有差异。确定了四种早餐饮食模式：“乳制品和谷物”、“健康”、“传统咸”和“传统甜”，这四种模式共解释了总方差的 35.6%。主要饮食模式在性别上没有差异。“乳制品和谷物”和“传统甜”模式与定期吃早餐有关（β：-0.47，p=0.001；β：-0.32，p=0.020），“健康”模式与 BMI≥25 kg/m 有关（β：0.35，p=0.024）。结论：由于水果摄入和能量摄入低，早餐质量不足。确定的四种模式包括谷物、面包、乳制品、脂肪和糖。这些结果可能在未来针对改善大学生早餐消费和质量的干预措施的规划中是常见的。
