Department of Pediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2010 Feb;50(2):113-9. doi: 10.1080/10408390903467514.
Skipping breakfast is common among children and adolescents. However, there is uncertainty regarding whether breakfast consumption contributes to or protects against overweight or obesity. We aimed to review the evidence on the effects of breakfast consumption on body weight outcomes in children and adolescents in Europe. The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and EMBASE were searched in January 2009. We identified 16 studies. All were cross-sectional or cohort trials involving more than 59,000 children/adolescents from Europe. Thirteen studies (n = 57,481) consistently showed that breakfast has a protective effect against becoming overweight or obese. One trial (n = 886) showed that this effect was significant only for boys. The effect of eating breakfast on the body mass index (BMI) was analyzed in 4 studies (n = 2897). All of these studies showed an increase in BMI in breakfast skippers. In one study (n = 1245), this effect was significant only for boys. The results of this analysis suggest that eating breakfast is associated with a reduced risk of becoming overweight or obese and a reduction in the BMI in children and adolescents in Europe. However, almost all of the data in this review were gathered from observational studies, thus, causality should not be assumed based on these findings.
不吃早餐在儿童和青少年中很常见。然而，早餐的摄入是否会导致超重或肥胖，或者是否具有保护作用，目前还存在不确定性。我们旨在综述欧洲儿童和青少年中早餐摄入对体重结果影响的证据。2009 年 1 月，我们检索了 Cochrane 图书馆、MEDLINE 和 EMBASE。我们共确定了 16 项研究。这些研究均为涉及来自欧洲的 59,000 多名儿童/青少年的横断面或队列试验。13 项研究（n = 57,481）一致表明早餐对预防超重或肥胖具有保护作用。一项试验（n = 886）表明，这种作用仅对男孩显著。4 项研究（n = 2897）分析了吃早餐对体重指数（BMI）的影响。所有这些研究均显示不吃早餐者的 BMI 增加。在一项研究（n = 1245）中，这种作用仅对男孩显著。该分析结果表明，在欧洲儿童和青少年中，吃早餐与降低超重或肥胖风险以及降低 BMI 相关。然而，本综述中的几乎所有数据均来自观察性研究，因此，不能基于这些发现推断因果关系。
